Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimen Preparation and Treatment
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
2.3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis (XPS)
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Toothpaste | Ingredients |
---|---|---|
Group 1: 1–5 HA etched discs | Sensodyne with fluoride | Active ingredient: Stannous fluoride, 0.454% (0.15% w/v fluoride ion). Antihypersensitivity, anticavity. Inactive ingredients: Hydrated silica, glycerin, polyacrylic acid, pentasodium triphosphate, sodium saccharin, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, PEG-8, cocamidopropyl betaine, flavor. |
Group 2: 6–10 HA etched discs | Sensodyne with fluoride and NovaMin | Medical ingredients: Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin) 5.0% w/w, sodium monofluorophosphate 0.788% w/w (fluoride 0.104% w/w). Nonmedical ingredients: (Alpha) carbomer, DL-Limonene, glycerin, linalool, mint flavor, PEG-8, silica, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium saccharin, titanium dioxide. |
Group 3: 11–15 HA etched discs | Tom’s with no fluoride or NovaMin | Arginine bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica, xanthan, peppermint oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide, water, gum, xylitol, sorbitol. |
Group 4: 16–20 HA etched discs | Tom’s with NovaMin | Tom’s: Arginine bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, peppermint oil, benzyl alcohol, sorbitol, titanium dioxide, water, xanthan gum, xylitol. Bioactive glass (NovaMin): The powder ingredient is calcium sodium phosphosilicate. The glass is composed of 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% Na2O, 24.5 wt% CaO, and 6.0 wt% P2O5. |
Group | Samples | O 1s | Ca 2p | P 2p | Na 1s | Si 2s | N 1s | S 2p | Ca/P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Control | 59.48 | 20.05 | 12.41 | 5.06 | 3.00 | 1.62 | ||
Group 1 | Sensodyne with fluoride | 62.66 | 18.30 | 12.71 | 1.18 | 4.56 | 0.59 | 1.44 | |
Group 2 | Sensodyne with fluoride and NovaMin | 60.13 | 21.39 | 13.00 | 2.97 | 1.27 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 1.65 |
Group 3 | Tom’s with no fluoride or NovaMin | 55.7 | 18.68 | 9.82 | 9.27 | 2.29 | 4.24 | 1.90 | |
Group 4 | Tom’s with NovaMin | 57.69 | 24.32 | 14.11 | 0.66 | 2.68 | 0.54 | 1.72 |
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Hsu, S.-M.; Alsafadi, M.; Vasconez, C.; Fares, C.; Craciun, V.; O’Neill, E.; Ren, F.; Clark, A.; Esquivel-Upshaw, J. Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study. Materials 2021, 14, 3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143813
Hsu S-M, Alsafadi M, Vasconez C, Fares C, Craciun V, O’Neill E, Ren F, Clark A, Esquivel-Upshaw J. Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143813
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Shu-Min, Muhammad Alsafadi, Christina Vasconez, Chaker Fares, Valentin Craciun, Edgar O’Neill, Fan Ren, Arthur Clark, and Josephine Esquivel-Upshaw. 2021. "Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study" Materials 14, no. 14: 3813. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143813