Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of Nd14.5Fe79.3B6.2 Melt-Spun Ribbons with Different Ce and Y Substitutions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phase Structure and Microstructure
3.2. Magnetic Properties
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The XRD and SEM results show that (Nd1-2xCexYx)14.5Fe79.3B6.2 annealed alloys contain the (NdCeY)2Fe14B phase with the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B-typed structure (space group P42/mnm) and rich-RE (α-Nd) phase. Meanwhile, (Nd1-2xCexYx)14.5Fe79.3B6.2 melt-spun ribbons are composed of (NdCeY)2Fe14B phase, α-Nd phase and α-Fe phase, except for the ribbon with x = 0.25, which consists of additional CeFe2 phase.
- (2)
- Magnetic measurements show that the Br and the Hcj of (Nd1-2xCexYx)14.5Fe79.3B6.2 ribbons decrease with the increase of Ce and Y substitutions, while the (BH)max of the ribbons decrease and then increase. The tendency of magnetic properties of the ribbons could result from the co-substitution of Ce and Y for Nd in Nd2Fe14B phase and different phase formation.
- (3)
- The Hcj of the ribbon with x = 0.20 is relatively high to be 9.01 kOe, while the (BH)max of the ribbon with x = 0.25 is still 9.06 MGOe. It indicates that the magnetic performance of Nd-Ce-Y-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons would be regulated through alloy composition and phase formation to fabricate novel Nd-Fe-B magnets with low costs and high performance.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Sagawa, M.; Fujimura, S.; Togawa, N.; Yamamoto, H.; Matsuura, Y. New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe. J. Appl. Phys. 1984, 55, 2083–2087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gutfleisch, O.; Willard, M.A.; Brück, E.; Chen, C.H.; Sankar, S.G.; Liu, J.P. Magnetic materials and devices for the 21st century: Stronger, lighter, and more energy efficient. Adv. Mater. 2011, 20, 1–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poudyal, N.; Liu, J.P. Advances in nanostructured permanent magnets research. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2013, 46, 43001–43023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, M.G.; Li, W.; Wang, J.D.; Zheng, L.Y.; Li, Y.F.; Zhang, K.; Feng, H.; Liu, T. Influence of Ce content on the rectangularity of demagnetization curves and magnetic properties of Re-Fe-B magnets sintered by double main phase alloy method. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2014, 50, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, X.M.; Lu, Z.; Yao, Q.R.; Wei, Q.; Wang, J.; Du, Y.S.; Li, L.; Long, Q.X.; Zhou, H.Y.; Rao, G.H. Thermal stability of high-temperature compound La2Fe14B and magnetic properties of Nd-La-Fe-B alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 2021, 859, 157780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rong, M.H.; Ma, J.; Yao, Q.R.; Wang, J.; Rao, G.H.; Zhou, H.Y.; Jin, Z.P. Effect of Ce on phase formation and magnetic properties of (Nd-Pr)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 melt-spun ribbons. Mater. Res. Express. 2020, 7, 076101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rong, M.H.; Fu, G.; Yao, Q.R.; Wang, J.; Rao, G.H.; Zhou, H.Y.; Jin, Z.P. Phase structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of (Nd-Ce)13.4Fe79.9B6.7 alloys. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 2020, 33, 2737–2744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.B.; Shen, B.G.; Zhang, M.; Hu, F.X.; Sun, J.R. Substitution of Ce for Nd in preparing R2 Fe14B nanocrystalline magnets. J. Alloys Compd. 2015, 628, 325–328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pthank, A.K.; Khan, M.; Gschneidner, K.A., Jr.; Mccallum, R.W.; Zhou, L.; Sun, K.; Dennis, K.W.; Zhou, C.; Pinkerton, F.E.; Kramer, M.J.; et al. Cerium: An unlikely replacement of dysprosium in high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 2663–2667. [Google Scholar]
- Pathak, A.K.; Gschneidnerz, K.A.; Khan, M.; Mccallum, R.W.; Pecharsky, V.K. High performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets without critical elements. J. Alloys Compd. 2016, 668, 80–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hussain, M.; Zhao, L.Z.; Zhang, C.; Jiao, D.L.; Zhong, X.C.; Liu, Z.W. Composition-dependent magnetic properties of melt-spun La or/and Ce substituted nanocomposite NdFeB alloys. Phys. B Condensed. Matter. 2016, 483, 69–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, X.D.; Guo, S.; Chen, K.; Chen, R.J.; Lee, D.; You, C.Y.; Yan, A.R. Tuning Ce distribution for high performanced Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2016, 419, 394–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pei, K.; Lin, M.; Yan, A.R.; Zhang, X. Effects of annealing process on magnetic properties and structures of Nd-Pr-Ce-Fe-B melt-spun powders. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2016, 406, 239–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Q.Z.; Zhong, Z.C. Research and development of Ce-containing Nd2Fe14B-type alloys and permanent magnetic materials. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2017, 33, 1087–1096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zha, L.; Liu, Z.; Chen, H.; Xue, M.Z.; Qiao, G.Y.; Ding, S.L.; Wen, X.; Zhang, M.L.; Lai, Y.F.; Yang, W.Y.; et al. High coerivity Nd-Ce-Fe-B nanostrucuture ribbons prepared from melt spinning technique. J. Rare Earths 2018, 37, 1053–1058. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Wang, J.; Rong, M.H.; Rao, G.H.; Zhou, H.Y. Effect of wheel speed on phase formation and magnetic properties of (Nd0.4La0.6)-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons. J. Rare Earths 2018, 36, 1179–1183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lei, W.K.; Jiang, Q.Z.; Rehman, S.U.; He, L.K.; Hu, X.J.; Zeng, Q.W.; Tan, Q.L.; Liu, R.H.; Zhong, M.L.; Zhong, Z.C. Effect of La-substitution on microstructure and magnetic property of melt-spun (Nd1-xLax)13Fe81B6 alloys. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2019, 473, 155–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, T.Y.; Yan, M.; Wu, K.Y.; Wu, B.; Liu, X.L.; Wang, X.J.; Qian, Z.Y.; Wu, C.; Xia, W.Q. Grain boundary restructuring of multi-main-phase Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with Nd hydrides. Acta Mater. 2018, 142, 18–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussain, M.; Zhao, L.Z.; Akram, R.; Ahmad, Z.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Gulzar, A.; Zhong, X.C.; Liu, Z.W. Magnetic properties and exchange interaction of rapidly quenched La or Ce substituted nanocrystalline NdFeB alloys with various compositions. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2018, 468, 141–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, M.; Jin, J.Y.; Ma, T.Y. Grain boundary restructuring and La/Ce/Y application in Nd-Fe-B magnets. Chin. Phys. B. 2019, 28, 27–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rehman, S.U.; Song, J.; Jiang, Q.Z.; He, L.K.; Xie, W.C.; Zhong, Z.C. Magnetic properties, phase transition temperature, intergranular exchange interactions and microstructure of Ta-doped Nd-Ce-Fe-B nano ribbons. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 2020, 33, 877–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, J.Y.; Yan, M.; Ma, T.Y.; Li, W.; Liu, Y.S.; Zhang, Z.H.; Fu, S. Balancing the microstructure and chemical heterogeneity of multi-main-phase Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets by tailoring the liquid-phase-sintering. Mater. Des. 2020, 186, 108308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, L.Z.; Li, C.L.; Hao, Z.P.; Liu, X.L.; Liao, X.F.; Zhang, J.S.; Su, K.P.; Li, L.W.; Yu, H.Y.; Greneche, J.M.; et al. Influences of element segregation on the magnetic properties in nanocrystalline Nd-Ce-Fe-B alloys. Mater. Charact. 2019, 148, 208–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.J.; Ma, T.Y.; Yan, M.; Jian, J.Y.; Liu, X.L.; Xu, F.; Miao, X.F.; Liu, C.Y. Squareness factors of demagnetization curves for multi-main-phase Nd-Ce-Fe-B magnets with different Ce contents. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2019, 487, 165355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pei, K.; Zhang, X.; Lin, M.; Yan, A.R. Effects of Ce-substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Pr-Fe-B melt-spun powders. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2016, 398, 96–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Z.; Luo, J.; Sui, Y.L.; Guo, Z.M. Effect of yttrium substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Y-Fe-B nanocomposite magnets. J. Rare Earths 2010, 28, 277–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, W.; Wu, Y.Q.; Oster, N.T.; Dennis, K.W.; Kramer, M.J.; Aderson, I.E.; Maccallum, R.W. Improved energy product in grained aligned and sintered MRE2Fe14B magnets (MRE = Y + Dy + Nd). J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 107, 09A728-1–09A728-3. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Z.W.; Qian, D.Y.; Zeng, D.C. Redducting Dy content by Y substitution in nanocomposite NdFeB alloys with enhanced magnetic properties and thermal stability. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2012, 48, 2797–2799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, B.X.; Ma, T.Y.; Zhang, Y.J.; Jin, J.Y.; Yan, M. Improved thermal stability of Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets by Y substitution. Sri. Mater. 2017, 131, 11–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, X.D.; Chen, K.; Guo, S.; Chen, R.J.; Lee, D.; Yan, A.R.; You, C.Y. Core-shell Y-substituted Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets with enhanced coercivity and good thermal stability. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017, 110, 172405-1–172405-4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, B.X.; Jin, J.Y.; Liu, Y.S.; Zhang, Z.H.; Yan, M. Effects of (Nd, Pr)-Hx addition on the coercivity of Nd-Ce-Y-Fe-B sintered magnet. J. Alloys Compd. 2019, 772, 656–662. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zheng, M.; Fang, Y.K.; Song, L.W.; Han, R.; Zhu, M.G.; Li, W. Magnetic properties and structures of Y-substituted Nd-Y-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons. Rare Met. 2018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liao, S.C.; Ding, G.F.; Zheng, B.; Shu, Z.T.; Chen, R.J.; Yan, A.R.; Guo, S.; Pan, J. Influences of element distribution on the magnetic properties in the (PrNd)-(YCe)-Fe-B sintered magnets. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2020, 497, 165901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.H.; Luo, Y.; Yu, D.B.; Quan, N.T.; Wu, G.Y.; Dou, Y.K.; Hu, Z.; Wang, Z.L. Permanent magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons with Y substitution. Rare Met. 2020, 39, 55–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herbst, J.F. R2Fe14B materials: Intrinsic properties and technological aspects. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1991, 63, 819–898. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Melt-Spun Ribbons (Nd1-2xCexYx)14.5Fe79.3B6.2 | Br (kGs) | Hcj (kOe) | (BH)max (MGOe) | Mr (emu/g) | Remanent Ratio (Mr/Ms) | Squareness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x = 0.05 | 8.69 | 11.04 | 12.98 | 83.71 | 0.78 | 0.63 |
x = 0.10 | 7.72 | 10.20 | 10.64 | 80.06 | 0.75 | 0.67 |
x = 0.15 | 7.49 | 8.75 | 6.86 | 74.83 | 0.73 | 0.46 |
x = 0.20 | 6.65 | 9.01 | 8.33 | 69.27 | 0.77 | 0.70 |
x = 0.25 | 6.64 | 7.85 | 9.06 | 66.43 | 0.76 | 0.76 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ke, Q.; Dai, F.; Li, S.; Rong, M.; Yao, Q.; Wang, J. Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of Nd14.5Fe79.3B6.2 Melt-Spun Ribbons with Different Ce and Y Substitutions. Materials 2021, 14, 3992. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143992
Ke Q, Dai F, Li S, Rong M, Yao Q, Wang J. Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of Nd14.5Fe79.3B6.2 Melt-Spun Ribbons with Different Ce and Y Substitutions. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3992. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143992
Chicago/Turabian StyleKe, Qingjin, Feilong Dai, Shengxi Li, Maohua Rong, Qingrong Yao, and Jiang Wang. 2021. "Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of Nd14.5Fe79.3B6.2 Melt-Spun Ribbons with Different Ce and Y Substitutions" Materials 14, no. 14: 3992. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143992