Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. Adsorption Experiments
3. Results
3.1. Activated Carbons from Chemically Pretreated Spent Coffee
3.2. Activated Carbons from Spent Coffee/Calcium Carbonate Mixtures
3.3. Dye Removal
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Label | Index ## | Pretreatment | TT (°C) | TP (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCD | - | - | - | - |
PSC | 50 | - | - | 500 |
PNa | 90 | NaOH (2 M) | 90 | 500 |
SCC | 50 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | - | 500 |
60 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | 600 | ||
65 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | 650 | ||
75 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | 750 | ||
80 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | 800 | ||
85 | dry CaCO3, mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) | 850 |
TP (°C) | C (%) | H (%) | N (%) | S (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCD | - | 56.9 | 10.3 | 1.8 | - |
PNa90 (2 M) | 500 | 41.0 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
SCC60 | 600 | 70.3 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
SCC75 | 750 | 82.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 0.5 |
SCC80 | 800 | 82.4 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.5 |
SCC85 | 850 | 82.2 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.4 |
Wavenumber (cm−1) | Classification |
---|---|
3500–3300 | O–H (stretching, intermolecular) |
2930–2840 | C–H (amorphous cellulose, caffeine), aromatic methoxyl and methylene groups, methyl groups |
1740 | C=O (stretching, esters) |
1700–1600 | caffeine, chlorogenic acids |
1600–1300 | C=C (aromatic compounds, oils, caffeine) |
1430 | C–H2 (crystallinity bond of cellulose) |
1284–1240 | C–O (aromatic ethers, esters, phenol) |
1100–900 | C–O (polysaccharides) |
900–800 | Β–glycosidic bond of cellulose |
Sample Name | BET Surface (m2/g) | Pore Size (Å) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|---|
SCC60 | 8.1 | 182.3 | 0.010 |
SCC65 | 17.9 | 236.6 | 0.015 |
SCC75 | 10.9 | 217.1 | 0.020 |
SCC80 | 56.1 | 63.1 | 0.035 |
SCC85 | 166.8 | 48.6 | 0.109 |
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Block, I.; Günter, C.; Duarte Rodrigues, A.; Paasch, S.; Hesemann, P.; Taubert, A. Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water. Materials 2021, 14, 3996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143996
Block I, Günter C, Duarte Rodrigues A, Paasch S, Hesemann P, Taubert A. Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143996
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlock, Inga, Christina Günter, Alysson Duarte Rodrigues, Silvia Paasch, Peter Hesemann, and Andreas Taubert. 2021. "Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water" Materials 14, no. 14: 3996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143996