Thiolated Silicone Oils as New Components of Protective Creams in the Prevention of Skin Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Thiolated Silicone Oil
2.3. Determination of Thiol Groups (–SH)
2.4. Obtaining Protective Creams
2.5. Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Protective Preparations
2.5.1. pH and Conductivity of Emulsion
2.5.2. Stability of Emulsion
2.5.3. Droplet Size Distribution and Microscopic Structure
2.6. Rheological Studies
2.6.1. Study of Viscoelastic Properties
2.6.2. Flow Curves
2.6.3. Determination of Yield Stress
2.7. Texture Analysis
2.8. Efficacy
2.8.1. Parallel-Plate Method: Spreadability
2.8.2. Payne Cup Occlusivity Test
2.8.3. Absorbability
2.8.4. Water Washability
2.8.5. Ex Vivo Bioadhesive Properties Using Hairless Mice Skin as Adhesive Layer
2.8.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Synthesis of the Thiolated Silicone Oil
3.2. Characteristics of Emulsion
3.3. Rheological Properties of Emulsions
3.3.1. Study of Viscoelastic Properties
3.3.2. Flow Curves
3.4. Texture Profile
3.5. Efficacy of Protective Products
4. Discussion
4.1. Spreadability
4.2. Washability and Absorbability
4.3. Occlusion Ability
4.4. Adhesion
4.5. Limitations of Use of Thiolated Silicone Oils in Protective Preparations. Stability Assessment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trademark | Abbreviation Used at Work | Producer |
---|---|---|
poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-(3-aminopropyl)methylsiloxane with a functional group equivalent of 4400 Da, viscosity 100 cSt | silicone oil | Sigma Aldrich |
3-merkaptopropionic acid | MPA | Sigma Aldrich |
N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide | DCC | Sigma Aldrich |
dichloromethane | DCM | POCH |
pyridine | − | POCH |
dimethyl sulfoxide | DMSO | POCH |
triethylamine | − | POCH |
Aldrithiol-4 | DTDP | Sigma Aldrich |
chloroform | − | POCH |
neat acetic acid | − | POCH |
stearic acid | − | Chempur |
POLSIL OM 100 | methyl silicone oil | Silikony Polskie |
glycerin | − | POCH |
Arlamol™ PS15 | − | Croda Inc. |
Crodamol™ PMP | − | Croda Inc. |
Cithrol™ 4MS | − | Croda Inc. |
sodium benzoate | − | POCH |
Phase | Ingredient | Function in Recipe | Concentration of Components (% Mass) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | E2 | E3 | |||
A | stearic acid | emulsifier in combination with triethanolamine, barrier, and lubricating substance | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 |
A | methyl silicone oil | creates a protective, occlusive film on the surface which prevent water loss | 10.0 | − | − |
A | silicone oil | − | 10.0 | − | |
A | silicone-MPA | − | − | 10.0 | |
B | Glycerin | moisturizing substance | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
B | Triethanolamine | with stearic acid creates emulsifier, pH regulator | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
A | PPG-15-Stearyl Ether | emollient | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
B | PPG-2-Myristyl Ether Propionate | emollient conditioning agent | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
B | PEG-8 Stearate | humectant, rheology modifier, emulsifier | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
B | Sodium Benzoate | preservative | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
B | Deionized water | solvent | 53.1 | 53.1 | 53.1 |
Sample | Visual Evaluation | pH | Stability | Conductivity mV |
---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | white, characteristic smell of stearic acid, soft, ointment-like consistency, | 6.8 ± 0.1 | + | 152 ± 0 |
E2 | white, slight smell of stearic acid, thin product, lotion-like consistency | 8.5 ± 0.0 | + | 158 ± 0 |
E3 | white with a characteristic unpleasant odor from the thiolated derivative, semi-solid consistency | 8.2 ± 0.0 | + | 135 ± 0 |
Sample | Z-Ave (d.nm) | PDI |
---|---|---|
E1 | 781 ± 56 | 0.734 ± 0.008 |
E2 | 662 ± 39 | 0.586 ± 0.017 |
E3 | 946 ± 53 | 0.504 ± 0.009 |
Sample | E1 | E2 | E3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basic rheological properties | Apparent Viscosity, Pas | |||
1.0 | 133.00 ± 6.73 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 214.70 ± 12.81 | |
10.0 | 18.99 ± 11.41 | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 28.22 ± 1.72 | |
50.0 | 1.22 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 4.41 ± 0.27 | |
100.0 | 1.22 ± 0.07 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 2.09 ± 0.12 | |
Yield stress, Pa | ||||
138.3 ± 15.0 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 226.3 ± 12.0 | ||
Energy dissipated E, J | ||||
5.24 ± 0.76 | 0.54 ± 0.05 | 9.40 ± 0.93 | ||
Texture profile | Texture parameters | |||
Hardness, N | 0.866 ± 0.036 | 0.075 ± 0.003 | 3.726 ± 0.185 | |
Compressibility, N⋅s | 4.307 ± 0.194 | 0.285 ± 0.008 | 22.423 ± 0.895 | |
Adhesiveness, N·s | 3.687 ± 0.116 | − | 12.803 ± 0.526 | |
Cohesiveness, - | 0.741 ± 0.029 | 0.936 ± 0.039 | 0.497 ± 0.024 |
Sample | Washability | Resistance to Water | Resistance to Detergents | Spreadability 25 °C/32 °C cm2 | Occlusion Ability g/m2⋅d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nav [%] | Assessment | Nav [%] | Assessment | ||||
E1 | partially washed off, a greasy deposit remains on the skin | 35.07 ± 1.70 | low resistance | 11.64 ± 0.90 | good resistance | 10.4 ± 0.4 18.8 ± 0.6 | 478.8 ± 13.9 |
E2 | washed off | 18.74 ± 0.89 | medium resistance | 28.38 ± 1.47 | medium resistance | 40.7 ± 0.2 78.5 ± 2.0 | 680.2 ± 15.2 |
E3 | partially washed off, a greasy deposit and the smell of thiol remains on the skin | 37.16 ± 1.50 | low resistance | 29.57 ± 0.37 | medium resistance | 4.7 ± 0.5 7.5 ± 0.1 | 378.6 ± 12.5 |
Fmax | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups | Count | Sum | Mean | Variance | Post hoc |
E1 | 7 | 1.563 | 0.223 | 0.003 | a |
E2 | 7 | 0.758 | 0.108 | 0.002 | b |
E3 | 7 | 2.002 | 0.286 | 0.005 | and |
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value |
Between Groups | 0.1137 | 2 | 0.057 | 18.161 | 0.00005 |
Within Groups | 0.0563 | 18 | 0.003 | ||
Total | 0.1700 | 20 | |||
Wad | |||||
Groups | Count | Sum | Mean | Variance | Post hoc |
E1 | 6 | 2085 | 347.5 | 7998.8 | and |
E2 | 6 | 551.2 | 78.7 | 713.8 | b |
E3 | 6 | 2108 | 351.3 | 4805.4 | a |
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-value |
Between Groups | 323,829.0 | 2 | 161,914.5 | 37.927 | 0.0000008 |
Within Groups | 68,304.4 | 16 | 4269.0 | ||
Total | 392,133.4 | 18 |
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Kulawik-Pióro, A.; Drabczyk, A.K.; Kruk, J.; Wróblewska, M.; Winnicka, K.; Tchórzewska, J. Thiolated Silicone Oils as New Components of Protective Creams in the Prevention of Skin Diseases. Materials 2021, 14, 4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164723
Kulawik-Pióro A, Drabczyk AK, Kruk J, Wróblewska M, Winnicka K, Tchórzewska J. Thiolated Silicone Oils as New Components of Protective Creams in the Prevention of Skin Diseases. Materials. 2021; 14(16):4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164723
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulawik-Pióro, Agnieszka, Anna K. Drabczyk, Joanna Kruk, Magdalena Wróblewska, Katarzyna Winnicka, and Justyna Tchórzewska. 2021. "Thiolated Silicone Oils as New Components of Protective Creams in the Prevention of Skin Diseases" Materials 14, no. 16: 4723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164723