Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and 304 Stainless Steel in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Tea Tree Extract and Its Main Constituents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Weight Loss Measurement
2.2. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
2.3. Electrochemical Measurements
2.4. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Weight Loss Measurements
3.2. Polarization Measurements
3.3. Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Constituents
3.4. Surface Characterization
3.4.1. FTIR
3.4.2. Raman Spectroscopy
3.4.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3.5. Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism
- In the case of passivated STS, the adsorbed chloride anions cause local breakdown of the protective passive layers on the steel–solution interface, resulting in pitting corrosion.
- In the presence of tea tree extract, organic inhibitors containing oxygen adsorb to the corrosive areas, i.e., all surface areas for MS of uniform corrosion morphology (Figure 9a) and the local pits for STS of pitting corrosion morphology (Figure 10a). The pre-adsorbed chloride anions are replaced by organic inhibitors on the surface of the steel [50,51], and the organic-Fe complex layer is formed through electron donor–acceptor interactions with Fe. This layer effectively blocks the interaction between the steel and acid media and reduces the chance of the further oxidation of iron. The uniform corrosion of MS and pitting corrosion of STS in the 1 M HCl solution can effectively be inhibited by the protective organic-Fe complex layer.
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Cu | Al | Nb | P | S | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.7 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.003 | Bal. |
STS | 0.04 | 0.42 | 1.15 | 18.19 | 8.08 | - | - | - | 0.031 | 0.001 | Bal. |
Gas Chromatograph (HP 6890, Hewlett-Packard Co., USA) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Analytical column | HP-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) | ||
Inlet temperature | 493 K | ||
Injection type | Split (5:1) | ||
Injection volume | 1 μL | ||
Carrier gas | He (1 mL/min) | ||
Oven program | Temperature | Hold Time | Rate |
323 K | 2 min | 283 K/min | |
523 K | 3 min | ||
Mass Spectrometer (HP 5973, Hewlett-Packard Co., USA) | |||
Ionization | Electron ionization (EI), 70 eV | ||
Ion source temperature | 203 K | ||
Quadrupole temperature | 423 K | ||
MS transfer line temperature | 553 K | ||
Mass range | SCAN mode (m/z 40–550) | ||
Solvent delay | 3 min |
Extract (g/L) | Ecorr (V vs. SCE) | Icorr (A/cm2) | IEPD (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Uninhibited | −0.492 | 1.79 × 10−4 | |
0.15 | −0.484 | 0.78 × 10−4 | 56.5 |
0.30 | −0.467 | 0.64 × 10−4 | 64.0 |
0.75 | −0.461 | 0.44 × 10−4 | 75.6 |
2.25 | −0.482 | 0.38 × 10−4 | 78.6 |
Inhibitor | Specimen | Temperature (K) | IEWL (%) | ID/IG | G-Peak Position (cm−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
tea tree extract | MS | 298 | 77 | 0.92 | 1576 |
323 | 48 | 0.67 | 1560 | ||
333 | 36 | 0.66 | 1558 | ||
tea tree extract | STS | 298 | 86 | 0.88 | 1568 |
α-terpineol | 83 | 0.77 | 1579 | ||
1,8-cineole | 65 | 0.71 | 1571 | ||
terpinen-4-ol | 55 | 0.7 | 1520 | ||
benzimidazole | 83 | 0.83 | 1588 | ||
benzotriazole | 88 | 0.91 | 1583 |
Extract (g/L) | RS (Ω·cm2) | RCT (Ω·cm2) | CPEdl (μs/Ω·cm2) | n | Cdl (μF/cm2) | IEEIS (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uninhibited | 4.9 | 91 | 128 | 0.8281 | 51.8 | |
0.15 | 2.5 | 224 | 110 | 0.8315 | 52.0 | 59.3 |
0.30 | 4.2 | 280 | 106 | 0.8395 | 54.1 | 67.4 |
0.75 | 4.6 | 432 | 70 | 0.8447 | 36.8 | 78.9 |
2.25 | 4.2 | 515 | 65 | 0.8523 | 36.1 | 82.3 |
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Kim, J.-Y.; Shin, I.; Byeon, J.-W. Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and 304 Stainless Steel in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Tea Tree Extract and Its Main Constituents. Materials 2021, 14, 5016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14175016
Kim J-Y, Shin I, Byeon J-W. Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and 304 Stainless Steel in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Tea Tree Extract and Its Main Constituents. Materials. 2021; 14(17):5016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14175016
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jae-Yeon, Inji Shin, and Jai-Won Byeon. 2021. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel and 304 Stainless Steel in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Tea Tree Extract and Its Main Constituents" Materials 14, no. 17: 5016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14175016