Pathways to Green Perspectives: Production and Characterization of Polylactide (PLA) Nanocomposites Filled with Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Treatment of Magnetite and Production of Nanocomposites by Melt-Compounding
2.3. Characterization Methods
2.3.1. Rheological Measurements
2.3.2. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.3.3. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.3.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.3.5. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.3.6. Characterization of Magnetic Properties
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preliminary Considerations Regarding the Surface Treatment of Magnetite NPs with MHX
3.2. Characterization of PLA-Magnetite Nanocomposites
3.2.1. Effects of Magnetite Addition and MNPs Surface Treatment on PLA Thermal Properties
3.2.2. Rheological Characterizations
3.2.3. Morphology of PLA−Magnetite Nanocomposites
3.2.4. Magnetic Features of PLA–Magnetite Nanocomposites
3.2.5. PLA–Magnetite Nanocomposites with Superparamagnetic Properties: Current Prospects
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Code | PLA | Nanofiller, wt.% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | Untreated | Treated * | ||
PLA−4% magnetite | PLA-4M | 96 | 4 | - |
PLA−8% magnetite | PLA-8M | 92 | 8 | - |
PLA−16% magnetite | PLA-16M | 84 | 16 | - |
PLA−4% treated magnetite * | PLA-4Ms | 96 | - | 4 |
PLA−8% treated magnetite | PLA-8Ms | 92 | - | 8 |
PLA−16% treated magnetite | PLA-16Ms | 84 | - | 16 |
Sample | T5% Temperature at 5% Weight Loss, °C | TD Temperature at Max. Rate of Degradation, °C | Residual Product at 600 °C, % |
---|---|---|---|
Neat PLA | 354 | 387 | 0.3 |
PLA-4M | 332 | 358 | 3.8 |
PLA-4Ms | 349 | 370 | 4.1 |
PLA-8M | 327 | 349 | 8.6 |
PLA-8Ms | 341 | 361 | 7.7 |
PLA-16M | 324 | 344 | 16.1 |
PLA-16Ms | 336 | 354 | 15.2 |
Sample | Tg (°C) | Tcc1 (°C) | ΔHcc1 (J g−1) | Tcc2 (°C) | ΔHcc2 (J g−1) | Tm (°C) | ΔHm (J g−1) | χc, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLA | 61 | 109 | 24.8 | - | - | 169 | 36.7 | 12.8 |
PLA-4M | 60 | 106 | 27.3 | - | - | 168 | 39.5 | 13.1 |
PLA-8M | 59 | 99 | 23.4 | 155 | 1.6 | 168 | 38.3 | 14.3 |
PLA-16M | 58 | - | - | - | - | 167 | 37.3 | 40.1 |
PLA-4Ms | 59 | 101 | 26.9 | 151 | 0.5 | 167 | 41.5 | 15.2 |
PLA-8Ms | 60 | 102 | 27.7 | 151 | 1.1 | 168 | 40.9 | 13.0 |
PLA-16Ms | 57 | 96 | 17.4 | 152 | 1.8 | 166 | 42.4 | 24.9 |
Sample | MFI (g/10 min) |
---|---|
PLA (AR) | 3.1 |
PLA (processed) | 5.8 |
PLA-4M | 9.2 |
PLA-8M | 10.8 |
PLA-16M | 14.9 |
PLA-4Ms | 7.8 |
PLA-8Ms | 8.7 |
PLA-16Ms | 10.6 |
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Murariu, M.; Galluzzi, A.; Paint, Y.; Murariu, O.; Raquez, J.-M.; Polichetti, M.; Dubois, P. Pathways to Green Perspectives: Production and Characterization of Polylactide (PLA) Nanocomposites Filled with Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles. Materials 2021, 14, 5154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185154
Murariu M, Galluzzi A, Paint Y, Murariu O, Raquez J-M, Polichetti M, Dubois P. Pathways to Green Perspectives: Production and Characterization of Polylactide (PLA) Nanocomposites Filled with Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles. Materials. 2021; 14(18):5154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185154
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurariu, Marius, Armando Galluzzi, Yoann Paint, Oltea Murariu, Jean-Marie Raquez, Massimiliano Polichetti, and Philippe Dubois. 2021. "Pathways to Green Perspectives: Production and Characterization of Polylactide (PLA) Nanocomposites Filled with Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles" Materials 14, no. 18: 5154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185154