Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests
3.1. Analysis and Modifications of Test Methods
3.2. Influence of Crushing Processes on The Resistance to Wear and Fragmentation
3.3. Petrography and the Resistance to Wear and Fragmentation
3.4. Evaluation of the Quality and Properties of Aggregates with Respect to Wear and Fragmentation Resistance
4. Discussion and Conclusions
- Proposals of changes that would improve and systematize the test methods, involving broadly defined studies on an optimal research methodology;
- A broad analysis and a selection of an optimal test method that would allow for a broad dimension range of aggregates tested for wear and fragmentation;
- Analysis of short-term and long-term wear and fragmentation tests in relation to changes in the values of the coefficient describing the resistance to wear and fragmentation on a large population of rock materials;
- Extensive research into the impact of the production process (crushing in crushers) of aggregates on their physical and mechanical properties;
- A broad analysis of physical, mechanical, and geometric parameters of aggregates together with their interrelationships, with particular focus on the geological properties and an attempt at determining mathematical relationships, which may help to perform a qualitative analysis of granular rock materials.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Years | Keywords | ||
---|---|---|---|
“Los Angeles AND Aggregate AND Resistance to Fragmentation” | “Micro-Deval AND Aggregate AND Resistance to Wear” | “Aggregate AND Micro-Deval AND Los Angeles” | |
Number of Documents | |||
1990–1994 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1995–1999 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
2000–2004 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
2005–2009 | 7 | 7 | 16 |
2010–2014 | 17 | 15 | 36 |
2015–2019 | 27 | 57 | 66 |
2020–2021 1 | 8 | 23 | 34 |
Total | 66 | 110 | 162 |
Micro-Deval Test | ||
---|---|---|
Parameters | EN 1097-1 | ASTM D6928 |
Aggregate size distribution | For A grading: 4.0–6.3 mm For B grading: 4.0–8.0 mm For C grading: 6.3–10.0 mm For D grading: 8.0–11.2 mm For E grading: 10.0–14.0 mm 1 For F grading: 11.2–16.0 mm For G grading: 31.5–50.0 mm 2 | For A grading: 19.0–9.5 mm For B grading: 12.5–4.75 mm For C grading: 9.5–4.75 mm |
Aggregate mass | For A-F grading: 500 ± 2 g For G grading: 10 000 ± 100 g | 1500 ± 5 g |
Sieve size for final evaluation | 1.6 mm | 1.18 mm |
Mass of ball load | For A grading: 2000 ± 5 g For B grading: 2800 ± 5 g For C grading: 4000 ± 5 g For D grading: 4400 ± 5 g For E grading: 5000 ± 5 g For F grading: 5400 ± 5 g For G grading: without ball load | 5000 ± 5 g |
Amount of water | For A–F grading: 2.5 ± 0.05 l For G grading: 2.0 ± 0.05 l | 2.0 ± 0.05 l |
Revolution numbers | For A–F grading: 12 000 ± 10 For G grading: 14 000 ± 10 | For A grading: 12 000 ± 100 g For B grading: 10 500 ± 100 g For C grading: 9500 ± 100 g |
Calculation of MDE/DS coefficient | For G grading:
For G grading: | |
Los Angeles Test | ||
Parameters | EN 1097-2 | ASTM C131 |
Aggregate size distribution | For A grading: 4.0–6.3 mm For B grading: 4.0–8.0 mm For C grading: 6.3–10.0 mm For D grading: 8.0–11.2 mm For E grading: 10.0–14.0 mm 1 For F grading: 11.2–16.0 mm For G grading: 31.5–50.0 mm 2 | For A grading: 37.5–9.5 mm For B grading: 19.0–9.5 mm For C grading: 9.5–4.75 mm For D grading: 4.75–2.36 mm |
Aggregate mass | For A–F grading: 5000 ± 5 g For G grading: 10 000 ± 100 g | 5000 ± 10 g |
Sieve size for final evaluation | 1.6 mm | 1.7 mm |
Mass of ball load | For A grading: 2930–3100 g For B grading: 3410–3540 g For C grading: 3840–3980 g For D grading: 4250–4420 g For E grading: 4690–4860 g For F grading: 5120–5300 g For G grading: 5120–5300 g | For A grading: 5000 ± 25 g For B grading: 4584 ± 25 g For C grading: 3330 ± 20 g For D grading: 2500 ± 15 g |
Revolution numbers | For A–F grading: 500 ± 10 For G grading: 1000 ± 10 | 500 ± 10 |
Calculation of LA coefficient | For A–F grading: For G grading: |
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Strzałkowski, P.; Kaźmierczak, U. Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests. Materials 2021, 14, 5456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185456
Strzałkowski P, Kaźmierczak U. Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests. Materials. 2021; 14(18):5456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185456
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrzałkowski, Paweł, and Urszula Kaźmierczak. 2021. "Wear and Fragmentation Resistance of Mineral Aggregates—A Review of Micro-Deval and Los Angeles Tests" Materials 14, no. 18: 5456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185456