Innovative Method for Longer Effective Corrosion Inhibition Time: Controlled Release Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicellulose Inhibitor Tablet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To characterize the functional groups and chemical constituents of EFB-H.
- To investigate the mechanism and kinetics of EFB-H anticorrosion action using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
- To optimize the inhibition efficiency of EFB-H using response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM/CCD) at different dosages and immersion times.
- To formulate EFB-H tablet using D-optimal mixture design, determine the tablet properties and compare its anticorrosion action with EFB-H powder inhibitor at extended immersion times.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of EFB-H Inhibitor
2.3. Characterization of EFB-H
2.3.1. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
2.3.2. Chemical Composition (Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Extractives)
2.4. Electrochemical Tests
2.4.1. Potentiodynamic Polarization
2.4.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
2.5. Optimization—Response Surface Methodology
- Varying dosages of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g at a fixed immersion time at 120 h,
- Varying immersion times of 24, 120 and 216 h at a constant dosage.
2.6. Preparation and Corrosion Inhibition Study of EFB-H Tablet
2.6.1. EFB-H Tablet Formulation—Mixture Design
2.6.2. EFB-H Tablet Compression
2.6.3. Tablet Properties
2.6.4. Extended Weight Loss Study
3. Results
3.1. EFB-H Characterization
3.1.1. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
3.1.2. Chemical Composition (Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Extractives)
3.2. Electrochemical Tests
3.2.1. Potentiodynamic Polarization
3.2.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
3.3. Optimization—Response Surface Methodology
3.4. Corrosion Inhibition Study of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Tablet Inhibitor
3.4.1. Mixture Design Formulation
3.4.2. Tensile Strength, Disintegration Time and Dissolution Profile
3.4.3. Extended Weight Loss Study
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Chemical Composition (wt.%) |
---|---|
Iron | 98.874 |
Carbon | 0.140 |
Silicon | 0.170 |
Manganese | 0.550 |
Copper | 0.230 |
Sulfur | 0.027 |
Phosphorus | 0.009 |
Tablet | Tablet Formulation (% w/w) | ||
---|---|---|---|
EFB-H | GA | HPMC | |
T1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
T2 | 66.0 | 34.0 | 0.0 |
T3 | 66.0 | 0.0 | 34.0 |
Components | Composition (% w/w) | |
---|---|---|
Raw OPEFB | EFB-H | |
Holocellulose | 83.56 | 90.34 |
Cellulose | 29.85 | 0.85 |
Hemicellulose | 53.71 | 89.51 |
Lignin | 15.64 | 9.28 |
Acid soluble | 8.78 | 5.39 |
Acid insoluble | 6.86 | 3.89 |
Extractives | 0.81 | 0.38 |
EFB-H Concentration (g 300 mL−1) | Ecorr (mV) | βa | −βc | Icorr (µA cm−2) | CR (mm y−1) | IEPDP (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mVdecade−1) | ||||||
Blank | −463.51 | 122.14 | 135.25 | 598.65 | 8.79 | - |
0.1 | −420.14 | 129.45 | 128.31 | 163.15 | 2.40 | 72.75 |
0.2 | −418.84 | 136.97 | 145.08 | 128.28 | 1.88 | 78.57 |
0.3 | −431.57 | 109.04 | 139.38 | 78.04 | 1.15 | 86.96 |
0.4 | −421.95 | 109.59 | 133.09 | 58.52 | 0.86 | 90.22 |
0.5 | −414.49 | 111.89 | 140.28 | 60.31 | 0.89 | 89.92 |
EFB-H Concentration (g 300 mL−1) | Rs (Ω cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | IEEIS (%) | n | Cdl (µF cm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blank | 3.78 | 47.28 | - | 0.9987 | 145.36 |
0.1 | 4.06 | 142.08 | 66.72 | 0.9971 | 93.20 |
0.2 | 3.18 | 216.14 | 78.12 | 0.9975 | 83.56 |
0.3 | 1.68 | 336.13 | 85.93 | 0.9978 | 72.81 |
0.4 | 1.20 | 397.11 | 88.09 | 0.9978 | 69.07 |
0.5 | 4.09 | 462.77 | 89.78 | 0.9979 | 72.86 |
Independent Parameter | IEWL (%) | |
---|---|---|
EFB-H Dosage (g) | Immersion Time (h) | |
0.1 | 80.37 ± 0.72 | |
0.3 | 120 | 85.66 ± 1.28 |
0.5 | 85.37 ± 1.44 | |
24 | 66.35 ± 0.69 | |
0.3 | 120 | 85.66 ± 1.28 |
216 | 66.69 ± 1.43 |
Standard Order | Run Order | EFB-H Dosage (g) | Immersion Time (h) | IEWL (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 | 0.1 | 120.0 | 80.37 |
2 | 4 | 0.5 | 120.0 | 85.00 |
3 | 8 | 0.1 | 360.0 | 59.02 |
4 | 6 | 0.5 | 360.0 | 77.61 |
5 | 2 | 0.1 | 240.0 | 57.25 |
6 | 11 | 0.5 | 240.0 | 66.55 |
7 | 9 | 0.3 | 120.0 | 85.66 |
8 | 1 | 0.3 | 360.0 | 77.41 |
9 | 7 | 0.3 | 240.0 | 65.23 |
10 | 13 | 0.3 | 240.0 | 67.89 |
11 | 5 | 0.3 | 240.0 | 67.84 |
12 | 3 | 0.3 | 240.0 | 66.49 |
13 | 12 | 0.3 | 240.0 | 64.57 |
Standard Order | Run Order | EFB-H (%) | GA (%) | HPMC (%) | IEWL (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 66.00 | 34.00 | 0.00 | 81.90 |
2 | 3 | 66.00 | 0.00 | 34.00 | 85.64 |
3 | 7 | 66.00 | 17.34 | 16.66 | 80.79 |
4 | 13 | 66.00 | 8.62 | 25.38 | 79.01 |
5 | 11 | 66.00 | 25.62 | 8.38 | 77.67 |
6 | 10 | 66.00 | 12.94 | 21.06 | 77.12 |
7 | 6 | 66.00 | 4.29 | 29.71 | 79.92 |
8 | 4 | 66.00 | 21.42 | 12.58 | 76.69 |
9 | 5 | 66.00 | 34.00 | 0.00 | 81.07 |
10 | 2 | 66.00 | 0.00 | 34.00 | 84.02 |
11 | 9 | 66.00 | 34.00 | 0.00 | 80.57 |
12 | 12 | 66.00 | 0.00 | 34.00 | 83.23 |
13 | 8 | 66.00 | 34.00 | 0.00 | 81.49 |
Tablet | Formulation (% w/w) | IEWL (%) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Disintegration Time (min) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFB-H | GA | HPMC | ||||
T1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 87.12 | 0.130 ± 0.027 | 63.00 ± 1.00 |
T2 | 66.0 | 34.0 | 0.0 | 81.28 | 0.099 ± 0.017 | 53.00 ± 3.00 |
T3 | 66.0 | 0.0 | 34.0 | 84.30 | 0.243 ± 0.006 | 152.00 ± 2.00 |
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Haris, N.I.N.; Sobri, S.; Yusof, Y.A.; Kassim, N.K. Innovative Method for Longer Effective Corrosion Inhibition Time: Controlled Release Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicellulose Inhibitor Tablet. Materials 2021, 14, 5657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195657
Haris NIN, Sobri S, Yusof YA, Kassim NK. Innovative Method for Longer Effective Corrosion Inhibition Time: Controlled Release Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicellulose Inhibitor Tablet. Materials. 2021; 14(19):5657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195657
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaris, Nur Izzah Nabilah, Shafreeza Sobri, Yus Aniza Yusof, and Nur Kartinee Kassim. 2021. "Innovative Method for Longer Effective Corrosion Inhibition Time: Controlled Release Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicellulose Inhibitor Tablet" Materials 14, no. 19: 5657. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195657