Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Magnetic Nanoparticles’ Synthesis
3. Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
3.1. Innorganic Compounds
3.2. Organic Compounds
4. Magnetic Properties of MNPs
5. Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
5.1. Cancer Cell Monitorization Using SPIONs
5.2. Chemotherapy
5.3. Immunotherapy
5.4. Radiotherapy
5.5. Magnetic Hyperthermia
5.6. Gene Therapy
5.7. Ferroptosis
6. Challenges and Discussions Regarding the MNPs Use in Cancer Therapy
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Synthesis Method | Conditions | Size (nm) | Particle Morphology | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chemical methods | Aqueous co-precipitation | Temperature 20–90 °C | 15–200 | Spherical, rhombic | [24] |
Water solvent | |||||
Sol-gel synthesis | Temperature 200–400 °C | 20–200 | Spherical | [23] | |
Organic solvent | |||||
Hydrothermal synthesis | Temperature 220 °C | 520 | Spherical | [25] | |
Water-ethanol solvent | |||||
Microemulsions | Temperature 20–50 °C | 4–12 | Spherical, cubic | [26] | |
Organic solvent | |||||
Electrochemical deposition | Temperature 70–100 °C | 3–8 | Spherical | [22] | |
Organic solvent | |||||
Polyol method | Temperature 120–280 °C | 5–40 | Spherical | [22] | |
Organic solvent | |||||
Physical methods | Sonochemical method | Temperature 25 °C | 10–30 | Spherical, rod | [22] |
Water | |||||
Thermal decomposition | Temperature 100–320 °C | 3–20 | Spherical | [25] | |
Organic | |||||
Spray pyrolysis | Temperature 400–700 °C | 5–60 | Spherical with aggregates | [27] | |
Organic | |||||
Laser-induced pyrolysis | Temperature 1100 °C | 5–30 | Spherical less large | [27] | |
Organic | |||||
Biological methods | Biomimetic synthesis | - | 50–100 | Spherical cluster, | [28] |
Cubo-octahedral | |||||
Microbial synthesis | Virus Tobacco mosaic virus | 5 | Disordered, prismatic and film | [28,29] | |
Plant-mediated synthesis | Eucalyptus Leaf | 20–80 | Spheroidal | [28] |
Synthesis Method | Size (nm) | Ms (emu/g) | Hc (Oe) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous co-precipitation | 4.9 | 60 | [81] | |
6.3 | 65 | |||
8.6 | 58 | |||
Thermal decomposition | 4.2 | 75 | 318 | [82] |
7.4 | 70 | 270 | ||
8.1 | 65 | 70 | ||
17 | 82 | 364 | ||
45 | 92 | 640 | ||
Non-aqueous homogeneous solution of polyols | 6.6 | 71 | 16 | [83] |
11.6 | 77 | 15 | ||
17.8 | 83 | 3 |
Shape | Size (nm) | f (kHz) | Ms (emu/g) | H (Oe) | SAR/SLP (W/g) | ILP (nHm2/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sphere | 22 | 500 | 65 | 195 | 716 | 5.96 |
disc | 125 | 488 | 435 | 600 | 5000 | 4.48 |
ring | 70 | 400 | - | 744 | 3050 | 2.18 |
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Manescu, V.; Paltanea, G.; Antoniac, I.; Vasilescu, M. Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology. Materials 2021, 14, 5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205948
Manescu V, Paltanea G, Antoniac I, Vasilescu M. Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology. Materials. 2021; 14(20):5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205948
Chicago/Turabian StyleManescu (Paltanea), Veronica, Gheorghe Paltanea, Iulian Antoniac, and Marius Vasilescu. 2021. "Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in Oncology" Materials 14, no. 20: 5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205948