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Article

Natural Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Comprehensive Study on Structural, Anti/Pro-Oxidant, and Environmental Impacts

by
Kamila Gryko
1,
Monika Kalinowska
1,*,
Piotr Ofman
2,
Renata Choińska
3,
Grzegorz Świderski
1,
Renata Świsłocka
1 and
Włodzimierz Lewandowski
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
2
Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
3
Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6098; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206098
Submission received: 2 September 2021 / Revised: 7 October 2021 / Accepted: 9 October 2021 / Published: 15 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization, Application and Potential Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds)
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Abstract

Cinnamic acid (CA), p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-HCA), caffeic acid (3,4-vdihydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dHCA), and 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid (3,4,5-tHCA) were studied for their structural, anti-/pro-oxidant properties and biodegradability. The FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV/Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, and quantum chemical calculations in B3LYP/6-311++G** were performed to study the effect on number and position of hydroxyl group in the ring on the molecular structure of molecules. The antioxidant properties of the derivatives were examined using DPPH● and HO● radicals scavenging assays, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, as well as the biological antioxidant assay with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, the pro-oxidant activity of compounds in Trolox oxidation assay was estimated. The effect of the derivatives on environment on the basis of increasing the carbon and nitrogen compounds transformation processes occurring in biological wastewater treatment was studied.
Keywords: cinnamic acid; phenolic acid; antioxidant; antimicrobial; biodegradation; spectroscopy cinnamic acid; phenolic acid; antioxidant; antimicrobial; biodegradation; spectroscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gryko, K.; Kalinowska, M.; Ofman, P.; Choińska, R.; Świderski, G.; Świsłocka, R.; Lewandowski, W. Natural Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Comprehensive Study on Structural, Anti/Pro-Oxidant, and Environmental Impacts. Materials 2021, 14, 6098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206098

AMA Style

Gryko K, Kalinowska M, Ofman P, Choińska R, Świderski G, Świsłocka R, Lewandowski W. Natural Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Comprehensive Study on Structural, Anti/Pro-Oxidant, and Environmental Impacts. Materials. 2021; 14(20):6098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206098

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gryko, Kamila, Monika Kalinowska, Piotr Ofman, Renata Choińska, Grzegorz Świderski, Renata Świsłocka, and Włodzimierz Lewandowski. 2021. "Natural Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Comprehensive Study on Structural, Anti/Pro-Oxidant, and Environmental Impacts" Materials 14, no. 20: 6098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206098

APA Style

Gryko, K., Kalinowska, M., Ofman, P., Choińska, R., Świderski, G., Świsłocka, R., & Lewandowski, W. (2021). Natural Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: A Comprehensive Study on Structural, Anti/Pro-Oxidant, and Environmental Impacts. Materials, 14(20), 6098. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206098

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