Properties and Strength Prediction Modeling of Green Mortar with Brick Powder Subjected to a Short-Term Thermal Shock at Elevated Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
- ordinary Portland cement (OPC) CEM I 42.5R with the following properties: beginning of setting time—185 min, end of the setting time end—240 min, compressive strength after 2 days—30.5 MPa, after 28 days—59.4 MPa, volume change—0.9%, insoluble residue—0.64%, loss of ignition—3.22%.
- brick powder (BP) obtained from a milled brick waste with a 0–2 mm fraction.
- quartz sand (0–2 mm) dominated by SiO2—95.3%, specific gravity—2650 kg/m3, water absorption—1.2%. The analyzed quartz sand is classified as a fine aggregate (Figure 1). The 0.25–0.5 fraction dominates, with a content of 51%. The content of grains with a diameter larger than 0.5 mm is 21.8%. According to these values, the aggregate used for cement mortar testing is a medium-grained sand.
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)—CEM I 42.5 R
3.2. BP—Brick Powder
3.3. Hardened Properties of Cement Mortars with BP
3.3.1. Physical Properties
3.3.2. Compressive Strength
3.3.3. Flexural Strength
3.3.4. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
3.3.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.3.6. Prediction of Strength Properties of Mortars with BP
4. Conclusions
- The BP addition causes changes in the physical properties of mortars. Along with BP additive the D and ρ decreases. There is an increase in porosity and water absorption, and thus a decrease in tightness. Samples P0 were characterized by the highest tightness. This may indicate the lack of pozzolanic action of BP resulting in no increase of C-S-H phase in the hardened matrix.
- The increase in porosity of samples with BP addition resulted in a decrease in fc and fcf of mortars. The best results were obtained for samples with 5% wt. BP addition. Above this addition fc decreased. The same relation was observed for fcf. The strength properties tested suggest that moderate BP addition up to 5% is the most beneficial.
- The fc and fcf for samples subjected to the thermal load increases in comparison to the reference samples (not exposed to the elevated temperature). The phenomenon of “internal autoclaving” occurs here, where on one hand the strength increases as a result of the C-S-H phase remodeling, and on the other hand the evaporating water causes an increase in porosity, which manifests itself, among other things, in a decrease in the UPV.
- The addition of BP positively influenced the linear shrinkage. The lowest value of linear shrinkage was achieved by the mortar with the highest BP addition, which was 45.3% lower than the classical mortar.
- The application of the SVM regression approach technique allowed us to create accurate fc and fcf predictive models based on UPV, which can be applied in practice.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P0 | P5 | P10 | P15 | P20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement CEM I 42.5R | 25 | 23.75 | 22.5 | 21.25 | 20 |
Quartz sand 0/2 mm | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
BP | 0 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 3.75 | 5 |
P0 | P5 | P10 | P15 | P20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apparent density D [kg/m3] | 1.94 | 1.93 | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.91 |
Specific density ρ [kg/m3] | 2.69 | 2.58 | 2.55 | 2.49 | 2.35 |
Tightness T [%] | 81.22 | 74.71 | 76.90 | 76.42 | 72.17 |
Total porosity PT [%] | 18.78 | 23.10 | 23.58 | 25.29 | 27.83 |
Water absorption WA [%] | 21.80 | 22.47 | 22.48 | 23.05 | 23.40 |
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Szeląg, M.; Styczeń, J.; Fediuk, R.; Polak, R. Properties and Strength Prediction Modeling of Green Mortar with Brick Powder Subjected to a Short-Term Thermal Shock at Elevated Temperatures. Materials 2021, 14, 6331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216331
Szeląg M, Styczeń J, Fediuk R, Polak R. Properties and Strength Prediction Modeling of Green Mortar with Brick Powder Subjected to a Short-Term Thermal Shock at Elevated Temperatures. Materials. 2021; 14(21):6331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216331
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzeląg, Maciej, Joanna Styczeń, Roman Fediuk, and Renata Polak. 2021. "Properties and Strength Prediction Modeling of Green Mortar with Brick Powder Subjected to a Short-Term Thermal Shock at Elevated Temperatures" Materials 14, no. 21: 6331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216331