Particle Image Velocimetry Method for Prediction Hydrodynamic Conditions during Leaching Process on the Basis of Sn–NaOH System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Testing Objects and Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hydrodynamics in the Water
3.2. Hydrodynamics in the NaOH Solution
3.3. Hydrodynamics and Leaching Process in the Sn–NaOH System
4. Conclusions
- ▪
- The PIV method can be successfully applied to search for new solutions in the field of hydrometallurgy and to optimize the leaching processes, among others;
- ▪
- A parabolic velocity distribution developing in the considered reactors mixed by means of the mechanical propeller was detected. For the highest rotational speed of the propeller, nearly 50% reduction of fluid velocity was obtained in the zone of 70% distance from a propeller axis;
- ▪
- The hydrodynamic structures developing in the working space of a considered batch of reactors are affected by the type of continuous phase and the leached phase form. The difference in the maximal velocity between the distilled water system and NaOH-Sn powder system amounted to nearly 0.34 m/s for the same propeller speed, propeller blades position and reactor type;
- ▪
- The leaching is affected by the reactor geometry, leached phase form and the hydrodynamic structure developed in its working volume, especially when a convectional or diffusion mass transport decides the process efficiency. Hence appropriate preparation of the leached material, intensifying its dispersion in the leaching agent volume as well as mixer’s direct impact zones, is essential.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case No. | Temperature, K | Propeller Speed, Rpm | Propeller Blades Position | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
294 | 323 | 50 | 300 | 500 | Bottom | Top | |
1 | × | − | × | − | − | × | − |
2 | × | − | − | × | − | × | − |
3 | × | − | − | − | × | × | − |
4 | × | − | × | − | − | − | × |
5 | × | − | − | × | − | − | × |
6 | × | − | − | − | × | − | × |
7 | − | × | × | − | − | × | − |
8 | − | × | − | × | − | × | − |
9 | − | × | − | − | × | × | − |
10 | − | × | × | − | − | − | × |
11 | − | × | − | × | − | − | × |
12 | − | × | − | − | × | − | × |
Case No. | Reactor No. | Sn Form | Temperature, K | Propeller Blades Position | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | Powder | Drop | 294 | 323 | Bottom | Top | |
13 | × | − | − | − | × | − | × | − |
14 | × | − | − | − | × | − | − | × |
15 | − | × | − | − | × | − | × | − |
16 | − | × | − | − | × | − | − | × |
17 | × | − | − | × | × | − | × | − |
18 | × | − | − | × | − | × | × | − |
19 | − | × | − | × | × | − | × | − |
20 | − | × | − | × | − | × | × | − |
21 | × | − | × | − | − | × | − | − |
22 | × | − | × | − | − | × | × | − |
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Cwudziński, A.; Gajda, B. Particle Image Velocimetry Method for Prediction Hydrodynamic Conditions during Leaching Process on the Basis of Sn–NaOH System. Materials 2021, 14, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030633
Cwudziński A, Gajda B. Particle Image Velocimetry Method for Prediction Hydrodynamic Conditions during Leaching Process on the Basis of Sn–NaOH System. Materials. 2021; 14(3):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030633
Chicago/Turabian StyleCwudziński, Adam, and Bernadeta Gajda. 2021. "Particle Image Velocimetry Method for Prediction Hydrodynamic Conditions during Leaching Process on the Basis of Sn–NaOH System" Materials 14, no. 3: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030633