Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Behavior of Aluminum Borate Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites (ABOw/Al–12Si)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Experimental Procedures
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Properties
3.2. Tensile Creep Properties
3.3. Creep Activation Energy and Stress Exponent
3.4. Threshold Stress Analysis
3.5. Contribution of Whiskers by Load Transfer
3.6. Creep Fracture Behavior
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The analysis of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite creep data showed that this creep mechanism was dislocation climb (n = 4.03–6.02) with a creep activation energy of 148.75 kJ/mol. The dislocation climb in this composite was the dominant creep mechanism.
- (2)
- Static creep measurements results indicated that this composite has a very long stationary creep stage, compared to the unreinforced aluminum matrixes. Furthermore, the creep rate of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite was increased by about three orders of magnitude compared to that of the Al–12Si alloy under same testing condition. This indicated that the creep resistance of the composite has been greatly improved by adding whiskers.
- (3)
- The threshold stresses of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite were determined by the extrapolation technique, exhibiting a strong temperature dependence. For the static creep, a stress exponent of 4 was calculated by the means of introducing threshold stress into the analysis, and the threshold stresses decreased by improving the creep temperature from 300 to 400 °C.
- (4)
- A load transfer model was introduced to interpret the contribution of whiskers to the creep resistance of the composite. The experimental results values are well consistent with the results obtained from the creep rates based on the load transfer model.
- (5)
- The creep fracture surface of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite indicated that the main fracture mechanism is reinforcing whiskers rather than debonding whiskers at 300 °C whereas the dominant fracture mechanism at 400 °C is the interfacial debonding between the whiskers and the matrix. Meanwhile, the fracture surfaces consisted of interfacial debonding and fracture whiskers at 350 °C.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Si | Cu | Ni | Mg | Fe | Mn | Ti | Zn | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12.47 | 4.21 | 2.97 | 0.80 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.112 | 0.007 | Bal |
Materials | Temperature (°C) | E (GPa) | UTS (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al–12Si | 25 | 80.3 | 312 | 3.3 |
200 | 76.8 | 232 | 4.0 | |
250 | 67.6 | 166 | 4.8 | |
300 | 55.8 | 130 | 5.3 | |
350 | 54.6 | 94 | 6.0 | |
ABOw/Al–12Si | 25 | 113 | 394 | 0.61 |
200 | 98 | 356 | 0.86 | |
250 | 87 | 327 | 1.01 | |
300 | 81 | 253 | 1.14 | |
350 | 75 | 217 | 1.25 |
Temperature (°C) | Stress (MPa) | Steady-State Creep Rate (×10−8 s−1) |
---|---|---|
250 | 160 | 0.27639 |
230 | 0.40833 | |
300 | 130 | 0.27056 |
160 | 0.94889 | |
180 | 0.98222 | |
350 | 70 | 0.62917 |
80 | 0.74417 | |
90 | 1.10056 | |
400 | 50 | 0.11306 |
60 | 0.26972 | |
70 | 0.86861 |
Materials | Temperature (°C) | Stress Exponent |
---|---|---|
ABOw/Al–12Si | 300 | 4.03 |
350 | 4.41 | |
400 | 6.02 | |
Al–12Si | 350 | 4.18 |
Temperature (°C) | Threshold Stress (MPa) |
---|---|
300 | 37.41 |
350 | 25.85 |
400 | 17.36 |
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Ji, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Zhang, W.; Xu, Y.; Liu, Y. Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Behavior of Aluminum Borate Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites (ABOw/Al–12Si). Materials 2021, 14, 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051217
Ji Y, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Liu Y. Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Behavior of Aluminum Borate Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites (ABOw/Al–12Si). Materials. 2021; 14(5):1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051217
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Yameng, Yanpeng Yuan, Weizheng Zhang, Yunqing Xu, and Yuwei Liu. 2021. "Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Behavior of Aluminum Borate Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites (ABOw/Al–12Si)" Materials 14, no. 5: 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051217