Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the Carbon Spheres
2.2.1. SiO2@m-SiO2_C18TMS Template Synthesis
2.2.2. Formation of the Carbon Spheres
2.3. Synthesis of Starch Grafted Polyacrylamide with Carbon Spheres
2.4. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Properties of the Prepared Carbon Sphere
3.2. Starch Grafted Polyacrylamide with Carbon Spheres
3.3. Properties of Starch Grafted Polyacrylamide with CS Hybrids
3.3.1. Chemical Structure
3.3.2. Crystallinity
3.3.3. Thermal Features
3.3.4. Surface Morphology
3.3.5. Particle Size Analysis of Polymer Hybrids
3.4. Flocculation Effectiveness
3.4.1. Jar Tests
3.4.2. Sludge Volume
3.4.3. Flocculation Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Molar Ratio St:AM | Label of Samples | Mass of CSs (g) | Yield (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration of CSs (wt.%) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | |
Hybrid-Starch Grafted Polyacrylamide with CSs | 1:03 | St-3PAM-1CS | St-3PAM-3CS | 0.032 | 0.096 | 84 | 83 |
1:05 | St-5PAM-1CS | St-5PAM-3CS | 0.053 | 0.159 | 85 | 86 | |
1:07 | St-7PAM-1CS | St-7PAM-3CS | 0.075 | 0.225 | 82 | 84 | |
Copolymer- Starch Grafted Polyacrylamide | 1:03 | St-3PAM | 0 | 88 | |||
1:05 | St-5PAM | 0 | 87 | ||||
1:07 | St-7PAM | 0 | 85 |
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Schmidt, B.; Kowalczyk, K.; Zielinska, B. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres. Materials 2021, 14, 1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061498
Schmidt B, Kowalczyk K, Zielinska B. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres. Materials. 2021; 14(6):1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061498
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmidt, Beata, Krzysztof Kowalczyk, and Beata Zielinska. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hybrid Flocculants Based on Potato Starch Copolymers with Hollow Carbon Spheres" Materials 14, no. 6: 1498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061498