Comparison of Different Cermet Coatings Sprayed on Magnesium Alloy by HVOF
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Coating Deposition
2.2. Coating Characterization
2.2.1. The Microstructure
2.2.2. Surface Topography, Roughness, and Porosity
2.2.3. Mechanical Properties
2.2.4. The Wear Resistance
Linear Speed, cm/s | Temperature, °C | Test Frequency, Hz | Normal Load, N | Distance, m | Counter Body Al2O3, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 20 | 2.65 | 10 | 50 | 6 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Microstructure
3.2. The Topography and Roughness of Coatings
3.3. The Hardness, Instrumented Indentation, and Fracture Toughness of the Coatings
3.4. Wear Resistance
4. Conclusions
- The microstructures indicate uniform, compact, and layered coatings. The coating does not disclose cracks or voids. Despite the fact that the thermal spraying process of both coatings was performed with the same parameters, the coating thickness of the CrC is much greater than the coating thickness of the WC. This is the effect of the higher deposition efficiency and the lower powder density. The increased porosity of the WC coating is due to the higher melting point of the WC powder.
- The increased roughness of the WC coating (Ra = 3.8 ± 0.3 µm) may be related to the poorer wettability of the substrate material AZ31 compared with the same relationship for the CrC coating (2.9 ± 0.2 µm).
- The hardness of the sprayed coatings was equal to 1096 ± 87 and 949 ± 105 HV 0.5 for the WC and CrC coatings, respectively. In the case of hardness instrumented indentation (HIT), the estimated microhardness value of the WC coating was higher than that of the CrC coating, which may be due to an indentation in the area with hard phases, and the lower hardness of the coating may result from measurements taken in an area with more binder phases or defects.
- The most noticeable effect of WC addition was observed for wear resistance. The WC coating showed a wear intensity value equal to 6.5·10−6 mm3/N·m, whereas for the CrC coating this value was equal to 12.6·10−6 mm3/N·m. As a result, it can be concluded that the WC coating has better wear resistance compared with the CrC coating. The better wear resistance of the WC coating results from the lower value of the friction coefficient (0.29 vs. 0.65) as well as the higher hardness (1096 HV0.5 vs. 949 HV0.5). On the other hand, the WC coating exhibited a slightly lower value of fracture toughness.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | Element, wt.% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cr | C | Fe | Ni | O2 | W | |
CrC | balance | 9–11 | max. 0.5 | 18–22 | max. 0.6 | – |
WC | 34–39 | 7.5–8.5 | max. 0.3 | 14.5–17.5 | max. 0.2 | balance |
Point 1 from Figure 5a | Point 2 from Figure 5a | Point 3 from Figure 5a | 4—Area from Figure 5a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At % | Wt % | At % | Wt % | At % | Wt % | At % | Wt % | |
Cr | 71 ± 0.1 | 51 ± 0.2 | 04 ± 0.2 | 11 ± 0.1 | 32 ± 0.6 | 43 ± 0.7 | 33 ± 0.2 | 32 ± 0.3 |
W | 14 ± 0.4 | 02 ± 0.1 | 94 ± 0.1 | 70 ± 0.1 | 29 ± 0.4 | 11 ± 0.1 | 42 ± 0.4 | 11 ± 0.7 |
Ni | – | – | – | – | 38 ± 0.1 | 45 ± 0.2 | 14 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 0.1 |
C | 14 ± 0.1 | 45 ± 0.1 | 01 ± 0.7 | 18 ± 0.8 | – | – | 10 ± 0.4 | 43 ± 0.9 |
Point 1 from Figure 5b | Point 2 from Figure 5b | 3—Area from Figure 5b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At % | Wt % | At % | Wt % | At % | Wt % | |
Cr | 34 ± 4.3 | 37 ± 2.1 | 84 ± 5.8 | 56 ± 1.2 | 59 ± 2.2 | 42 ± 0.6 |
Ni | 65 ± 2.7 | 62 ± 3.9 | – | – | 28 ± 4.1 | 17 ± 0.9 |
C | – | – | 15 ± 2.2 | 43 ± 0.8 | 12 ± 0.7 | 39 ± 3.5 |
Sample Code | Roughness Parameter | |
---|---|---|
Ra, µm | Rz, µm | |
WC | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 22.1 ± 1.3 |
CrC | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 13.3 ± 0.9 |
Sample Code | HIT, GPa | EIT, GPa |
---|---|---|
WC | 11.8 ± 1.7 | 314 |
CrC | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 224 |
Sample Code | Indentation Fracture Toughness, MPa·m1/2 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Palmqvist | NMH | SWMC | |
WC | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.6 |
CrC | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.7 |
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Jonda, E.; Łatka, L.; Pakieła, W. Comparison of Different Cermet Coatings Sprayed on Magnesium Alloy by HVOF. Materials 2021, 14, 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071594
Jonda E, Łatka L, Pakieła W. Comparison of Different Cermet Coatings Sprayed on Magnesium Alloy by HVOF. Materials. 2021; 14(7):1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071594
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonda, Ewa, Leszek Łatka, and Wojciech Pakieła. 2021. "Comparison of Different Cermet Coatings Sprayed on Magnesium Alloy by HVOF" Materials 14, no. 7: 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071594