Effect of Two Immediate Dentin Sealing Approaches on Bond Strength of Lava™ CAD/CAM Indirect Restoration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
- Protocol 1 (IDS1): Adhesive bonding agent was first applied on each specimen and then a specimen of Lava™ Ultimate was cemented to flat dentin surfaces with the corresponding resin cement.
- Protocol 2 (DDS): Occlusal dentin surface of each specimen was covered with a layer of 3-mm provisional restoration material (Telio CS onlay, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and polymerized for 15 s and, subsequently, the specimens were left under SPP at room temperature. After two weeks, the temporary filling was removed and the dentin surface was cleaned with a polishing brush under water irrigation and finally, dentin adhesive was applied and a sample of Lava™ Ultimate was cemented with the corresponding resin cement.
- Protocol 3 (IDS2): Adhesive bonding agent was applied immediately after preparation and photopolymerized. Then the adhesive layer was covered with glycerin gel and cured yet another 10 s in order to prevent the OIL and, finally, the occlusal dentin was covered by 3 mm of provisional restoration material like the protocol 2. After two weeks, the temporary filling was removed and the occlusal dentin was sandblasted with PROPHY MATE cleaning powder “Calcium Carbonate” with Perio-Mate (NSK, Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan) for 1 min and a new adhesive layer was applied and polymerized [4]. Finally, a sample of Lava™ Ultimate was cemented with the corresponding resin cement.
2.2. Micro-Tensile Bond Strength (µTBS)
2.3. Failure Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Group Manufacturer | Adhesives (Batch Number) | Chemical Composition | Cements (Batch Number) | Chemical Composition |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kerr (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) | OptiBond FL pH = 2.0 (84018) | HEMA, GPDM, PAMM, ethanol, water, photoinitiator Adhesive: TEGDMA, UDMA, GPDM, HEMA, bisGMA, filler, photoinitiator. | Maxcem Elite cement (6504758) | 19–40% Methacrylate ester monomers, other-inert mineral fillers activators stabilizers, colorants, YF. |
Kerr U (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) | OptiBond Universal pH = 2.5–3 Ultra-Mild (6769529) | 37.5% H3PO4, BisGMA, GPDM, HEMA, PAMM, barium glass, silica, sodium, hexafluorodilicate, ethanol. | Maxcem Elite cement (6504758) | 19–40% Methacrylate ester monomers, other-inert mineral fillers activators stabilizers, colorants, YF |
Dentsply (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) | Prime and Bond active universal pH = 2.5 Ultra-Mild (181000042) | Phosphoric acid modified acrylate resin, multifunctional acrylate, bifunctional acrylate, isopropanol, initiator, stabilizer. | Calibra Ceram Adhesive Resin Cement (1710171) | Urethane di-methacrylate, Di-and tri-methacrylate resin, phosphoric acid modified acrylate resin, Barium Born Fluro-Alumino Silicate Glass, Organic Peroxide initiator, CQ, Phosphone Oxide Photoinitiator, Accelerators, butylated Hydroxy Toluene, UV Stabilizer, Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxide, Hydrophobic Silicon Dioxide, Particles of inorganic filler range from 16 nm to 7 µm, average particle size 3.8% µm, total filler 46.3% vol. |
3M (3M St Paul, MN, USA) | Scotchbond Universal Adhesive pH = 2.7 Ultra-Mild (70918A) | MDP, dimethacrylate resins, HEMA, methacrylate-modified Polyalkenoic acid copolymer, Filler, Ethanol, Water, Photo initiators, Silane | Relyx Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement (3472645) | Base paste: methacrylate monomers, radiopaque alkaline (basic) fillers, initiator, stabilizer, rheological additives Catalyst paste: methacrylate monomers, radiopaque alkaline (basic) fillers, initiator, stabilizer, pigments, rheological additives, fluorescence dye, dark cure activator. |
Voco (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) | Future bond Universal single bond pH = 2.3 Mild (1807614) | Organic acid, UDMA, HEMA, CQ, BHT | Rebilda DC Cement (1704534) | BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA, BHT, Dibenzoyl peroxide, CQ, Silica, barium borosilicate glass ceramic., accelerators. |
Bisco D (Bisco Universal, Schaumburg, IL, USA) | Universal Primer Dual Cured Adhesive pH = 3.1 Ultra Mild (1600358474) | Primer A: Acetone, Ethanol, Na-N-totygycine glycidylmethacrylate. Primer B: Acetone, Ethanol, Biphenyl dimethacrylat. | Duo-Link Universal (1600358244) | Base: BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, Glass filler Catalyst: BisGMA, TEGDMA, Glass filler |
Bisco U (Bisco Universal, Schaumburg, IL, USA) | All Bond Universal pH = 3.1–3.2 Ultra Mild (1800002797) | BisGMA (5–30%) TEGDMA (5–20%) Glass filler (5–80%) | Duo-Link Universal (1600358244) | Base: BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, Glass filler Catalyst: BisGMA, TEGDMA, Glass filler |
Ivoclar (Ivoclar vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) | Adhese Universal pH = 2.5–3 Ultra Mild (W41872) | Methacrylates, ethanol, water, highly dispersed silicon dioxide, initiators and stabilizers. | Variolink (W95570) | Dimethacrylates, Adhesive, monomer, Filers, Initators, Stabilizers. |
Coltene (Coltene, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA) | One coat7 Universal pH = 2.8 Ultra Mild (H39695) | Methacrylates including 10-MDP, photoinitiators, ethanol, water | Solocem cement (SC) | UDMA, TEGDMA, 4-META, 2-HEMA, DBP; BP |
Purified water, glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, propylene glycol, hydroxyethylcellulose, disodium phosphate, sodium phosphate, tetrasodium EDTA. | ||||
3M St Paul, MN, USA | Lava™ Ultimate (N895998) | 80 wt. % (65 vol. %) nanoceramic particles (zirconia filler (4–11 nm), silica filler (20 nm), aggregated zirconia/silica cluster filler). 20 wt. % (35 vol. %) highly cross linked (methacrylate-based) polymer matrix. Silane | ||
Coltene, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA | Total Etch (H43207) | 35% phosphoric acid | ||
Ivoclar vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein | Telio Onlay provisional restoration (Y51870) | The monomer matrix consists of monofunctional and difunctional methacrylates (36 wt. %). The fillers are highly dispersed silicon dioxide and copolymers (62.6 wt. %). Fluoride (1500 ppm), initiators, stabilizers and pigments (0.6 wt. %) are additional ingredients. |
DC + H | LC | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IDS1 | DDS | IDS2 | IDS1 | DDS | IDS2 | |
OptiBond FL/Maxcem (Kerr) | 19.11 ± 9.32 A,1,2 11(24.4) * | 21.70 ± 10.18 A,3 37(56.9) * | 18.46 ± 10.67 A,3 37(50.6) * | 26.75 ± 6.34 34(75.5) * | 29.48 ± 9.44 27(41.5) * | 27.59 ± 10.00 35(47.9) * |
OptiBond Universal/Maxcem (Kerr U) | 15.47 ± 7.48 A,1 38(67.8) | 12.96 ± 9.79 A,1 26(74.2) | 14.75 ± 6.19 A,1,2 44(67.6) | 18.00 ± 6.94 17(30.3) | 10.88 ± 4.97 9(25.7) | 15.69 ± 10.43 16(24.6) |
Prime& Bond active universal/Calibra Ceram (Dentsply) | 20.16 ± 12.97 A,1,2 24(57.1) * | 18.89 ± 10.78 A,2,3 25(64.1) | 17.71 ± 7.57 A,2,3 37(64.9) | 32.09 ± 10.01 15(35.7) * | 24.91 ± 10.97 13(33.3) | 21.86 ± 9.80 20(35) |
Scotchbond Universal Adhesive/Relyx Ultimate (3M) | 20.02 ± 10.56 A,B,1,2 25(46.2) | 16.43 ± 11.03 A,1,2 51(73.9) * | 24.47 ± 11.17 B,4 43(53.75) * | 23.57 ± 9.10 27(50) | 28.10 ± 12.75 18(26) * | 33.19 ± 10.46 35(43.7) * |
Future bond Universal single bond/Rebilda DC Cement (Voco) | 14.80 ± 5.57 A,B,1 23(45) | 13.52 ± 5.32 A,1 36(87.8) | 17.43 ± 5.98 B,3 45(68.1) | 17.69 ± 8.04 24(47) | 12.47 ± 3.08 5(12.1) | 16.47 ± 5.76 11(16.6) |
Universal Primer Dual Cured Adhesive/Duo-Link (Bisco D) | 8.51 ± 4.56 A,B,3 10(21.2) | 8.57 ± 7.11 A,1 39(67.2) | 11.30 ± 6.17 B,1 49(83) | 8.74 ± 4.96 37(78.7) | 9.30 ± 6.00 19(32.7) | 12.88 ± 5.07 9(15.2) |
All Bond Universal Agent/Duo-Link (Bisco U) | 15.95 ± 9.01 A,B,1 41(75.9) * | 17.39 ± 7.68 A,2 40(76.9) | 13.64 ± 6,81 B,1 42(75) * | 28.91 ± 19.26 12(22.2) * | 18.72 ± 9.88 11(21.1) | 18.17 ± 6.21 14(25) * |
Ivoclar Adhese Universal/Variolink (Ivoclar) | 24.37 ± 8.92 B,2 32(44.4) | 19.17 ± 10.69 A,2,3 33(48.5) * | 20.08 ± 8.71 A,3 43(55.1) * | 28.77 ± 10.19 40(55.5) | 26.51 ± 9.72 35(51.4) * | 24.64 ± 8.55 34(43.5) * |
One Coat 7 Universal/Solocem (Coltene) | 24.32 ± 11.35 B,2 38(59.3) | 15.69 ± 9.46 A,1,2 56(67.4) | 19.58 ± 6.79 B,3 38(57.5) | 23.76 ± 13.79 18(28.1) | 17.19 ± 8.023 17(20.4) | 23.35 ± 7.53 18(27.2) |
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Gailani, H.F.A.; Benavides-Reyes, C.; Bolaños-Carmona, M.V.; Rosel-Gallardo, E.; González-Villafranca, P.; González-López, S. Effect of Two Immediate Dentin Sealing Approaches on Bond Strength of Lava™ CAD/CAM Indirect Restoration. Materials 2021, 14, 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071629
Gailani HFA, Benavides-Reyes C, Bolaños-Carmona MV, Rosel-Gallardo E, González-Villafranca P, González-López S. Effect of Two Immediate Dentin Sealing Approaches on Bond Strength of Lava™ CAD/CAM Indirect Restoration. Materials. 2021; 14(7):1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071629
Chicago/Turabian StyleGailani, Hassan Faez Abdullah, Cristina Benavides-Reyes, María Victoria Bolaños-Carmona, Eva Rosel-Gallardo, Purificación González-Villafranca, and Santiago González-López. 2021. "Effect of Two Immediate Dentin Sealing Approaches on Bond Strength of Lava™ CAD/CAM Indirect Restoration" Materials 14, no. 7: 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071629