Effects of Bonding Treatment and Ball Milling on W-20 wt.% Cu Composite Powder for Injection Molding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The characteristics of ultrafine W-20% Cu powders changed greatly after BTBM, which significantly increased the powder loading, improved the fluidity of the feedstock, and then improved the properties and dimension accuracy of the PIM products.
- (2)
- The morphology of the powder changed from extremely agglomerated small particles to pebble-shaped smooth larger particles under the combined action of bonding, impact and rolling during BTBM, and each larger particle is composed of several small ultrafine particles. The powders after BTBM have characteristics of larger particle size, wider particle size distribution, smaller specific surface area, higher tap density and smooth surface, which are beneficial to decrease the viscosity and increase the powder loading of the feedstock.
- (3)
- The densification rate of W-20% Cu composites is mainly determined by the size of initial tungsten particles. BTBM did not increase the size of tungsten particles in W-20% Cu ultrafine powder, but eliminated the gaps and voids of ultrafine powder agglomerates, increased the powder loading of feedstock, and reduced the migration distance of tungsten particles in the sintering process. Therefore, the sintered material obtained more uniform microstructure, higher density, and better properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Powder A | Powder B | Sintered Composite (Powder A) | Sintered Composite (Powder B) |
---|---|---|---|---|
W/(wt.%) | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. | Bal. |
Cu/(wt.%) | 20.4613 | 20.4037 | 20.1537 | 20.1096 |
Cr/(wt.%) | 0.0073 | 0.0069 | 0.0068 | 0.0057 |
Fe/(wt.%) | 0.0041 | 0.0058 | 0.0036 | 0.0049 |
Ni/(wt.%) | 0.0032 | 0.0028 | 0.0039 | 0.0042 |
Mo/(wt.%) | 0.0086 | 0.0079 | 0.0067 | 0.0075 |
C/(wt.%) | 0.0018 | 0.0373 | 0.0031 | 0.0025 |
O/(wt.%) | 0.2650 | 0.3821 | 0.0103 | 0.0079 |
Powder | Particle Size Distribution | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Free Slope Angle (°) | Tap Density (g·cm−3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D10 (μm) | D50 (μm) | D90 (μm) | ||||
Powder A | 2.143 | 4.512 | 8.669 | 0.86 | 52.19 | 3.25 |
Powder B | 2.863 | 8.011 | 22.830 | 0.45 | 40.53 | 7.22 |
Powder | Powder Loading (vol.%) | Cave Length (mm) | Average Length of Products (mm) | Dimension Fluctuation (mm) | Fluctuation Ratio (%) | Oversizing Factor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Powder A | 45 | 14.80 | 11.41 | ±0.07 | ±0.61 | 1.297 |
Powder B | 56 | 14.80 | 12.17 | ±0.04 | ±0.33 | 1.216 |
Powder | Density (g·cm−3) | Relative Density (%) | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (10−6/K) | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Powder A | 15.31 | 97.8% | 8.52 | 218 |
Powder B | 15.43 | 98.6% | 8.43 | 233 |
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Ouyang, M.; Wang, C.; Zhang, H.; Liu, X. Effects of Bonding Treatment and Ball Milling on W-20 wt.% Cu Composite Powder for Injection Molding. Materials 2021, 14, 1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081897
Ouyang M, Wang C, Zhang H, Liu X. Effects of Bonding Treatment and Ball Milling on W-20 wt.% Cu Composite Powder for Injection Molding. Materials. 2021; 14(8):1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081897
Chicago/Turabian StyleOuyang, Mingliang, Cuiping Wang, Huayu Zhang, and Xingjun Liu. 2021. "Effects of Bonding Treatment and Ball Milling on W-20 wt.% Cu Composite Powder for Injection Molding" Materials 14, no. 8: 1897. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081897