Effect of Sulfate Ions on Galvanized Post-Tensioned Steel Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions and the Interaction with Other Ions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Work
2.1. Solutions
2.2. Corrosion Electrochemical Cells
2.3. Techniques
2.3.1. Electrochemical Tests
2.3.2. Electron Microscopy SEM/EDS
2.3.3. Optical Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. LPR Results
3.2. EIS Results
3.3. Morphology of Steel Surface
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solution | SO42− [mol/L] 0.04 | Ca2+ [mol/L] 4 · 10−4 | NH4+ [mol/L] 5 · 10−3 | HCO3− [mol/L] 4 · 10−4 | Mg2+ [mol/L] 9.6 · 10−3 | Cl− [mol/L] 7.6 · 10−3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | X | |||||
2 | X | X | ||||
3 | X | X | X | |||
4 | X | X | X | X | ||
5 | X | X | X | X | X | |
6 | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Day | Solution 1 | Solution 2 | Solution 3 | ||||||
Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | |
0 | −1403 | 27.33 | 97.24 | −1373 | 56.23 | 47.26 | −1396 | 28.75 | 92.45 |
1 | −1396 | 31.45 | 84.51 | −1386 | 42.26 | 62.89 | −1389 | 28.30 | 93.92 |
8 | −1379 | 20.57 | 129.20 | −1375 | 55.35 | 63.35 | −1375 | 21.17 | 125.54 |
28 | −261 | 7290.27 | 0.36 | −1351 | 31.50 | 84.37 | - | - | - |
35 | −246 | 9383.37 | 0.28 | −332 | 5039.88 | 0.53 | −300 | 4306.20 | 0.62 |
Day | Solution 4 | Solution 5 | Solution 6 | ||||||
Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω) | Icorr (µA/cm2) | |
0 | −1387 | 36.67 | 72.48 | −1384 | 26.07 | 101.94 | −1393 | 22.43 | 118.51 |
1 | −1382 | 25.64 | 103.66 | −1385 | 25.42 | 104.54 | −1389 | 28.15 | 94.40 |
8 | −1367 | 32.10 | 82.79 | −1379 | 26.97 | 98.54 | −1378 | 32.95 | 80.66 |
28 | −593 | 2595.41 | 1.02 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
35 | −548 | 3660.90 | 0.73 | −287 | 14,025.21 | 0.19 | −322 | 6303.55 | 0.42 |
Solution | Rs | Rc | CPE | Rct | CPE | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Ω·cm2) | (Ω·cm2) | Y0(Ω−1·cm−2·sn) | (kΩ·cm2) | Y0(Ω−1·cm−2·sn) | ||
1 | 2.11 | 1.55 | 1.92 · 10−3 | 10,169 | 6.36 · 10−4 | 0.036 |
2 | 1.84 | 2.18 | 9.20 · 10−5 | 5346 | 8.59 · 10−5 | 0.024 |
3 | 2.13 | 2.95 | 4.99 · 10−4 | 4777 | 3.99 · 10−4 | 0.034 |
4 | 3.87 | 4.48 | 3.86 ·10−4 | 4665 | 1.35 · 10−3 | 0.036 |
5 | 2.93 | 2.87 | 9.20 · 10−5 | 14,923 | 1.92 · 10−4 | 0.019 |
6 | 3.03 | 4.83 | 3.21 · 10−4 | 7240 | 2.51 · 10−4 | 0.016 |
Solution | Rp (LPR) | Rct (EIS) | Difference (%) |
---|---|---|---|
(Ω) | (Ω) | ||
1 | 9383 | 10,169 | 8 |
2 | 5040 | 5346 | 6 |
3 | 4306 | 4777 | 10 |
4 | 3661 | 4665 | 24 |
5 | 14,025 | 14,923 | 6 |
6 | 6304 | 7240 | 14 |
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Bonilla, A.; Argiz, C.; Moragues, A.; Gálvez, J.C. Effect of Sulfate Ions on Galvanized Post-Tensioned Steel Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions and the Interaction with Other Ions. Materials 2022, 15, 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113950
Bonilla A, Argiz C, Moragues A, Gálvez JC. Effect of Sulfate Ions on Galvanized Post-Tensioned Steel Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions and the Interaction with Other Ions. Materials. 2022; 15(11):3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113950
Chicago/Turabian StyleBonilla, Andrés, Cristina Argiz, Amparo Moragues, and Jaime C. Gálvez. 2022. "Effect of Sulfate Ions on Galvanized Post-Tensioned Steel Corrosion in Alkaline Solutions and the Interaction with Other Ions" Materials 15, no. 11: 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113950