Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure, Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Fabrication of the Ag NSs
3.2. Fabrication of Au-Coated AgNSs
3.3. Sensing Studies Using the SERS
3.4. SERS Mapping Studies
3.5. Aging Studies of the SERS Substrates
3.6. Cooperative Enhancement in the SERS Signal
4. Conclusions
- A qualitative correlation was found between the nano-structural surface roughness and the disparity in plasmonic responses of the different Ag NSs, formed engaging systematically increasing laser pulse energies. Additional detailed studies over large surface areas of these substrates will enable us to quantify the surface roughness and the correlation with SERS performance. Subsequently, excitation energy, wavelength and time scale dependent, wide-ranging Raman studies, were performed engaging the most efficient AgNS2.
- Typical enhancement factors of 5.7 × 104, 7.3 × 105, and 9.3 × 106 were achieved for the three hazardous molecules of PA, TH, and MB, respectively, using the AgNS2.
- The LOD’s for TH, PA, MB, AN, MG, and HEWL were estimated to be 35 nM, 360 nM, 300 pM, 3 µM, 210 pM, and 27 nM, respectively.
- Furthermore, the Raman mapping was performed on that substrate providing an insight to the uniformity of the Raman signal sub-micron scale SERS response. We obtained reasonably good RSD values.
- An attractive improvement in the sensing efficiency was accomplished through optimised Au coating on the AgNS2, originating from the two-body-cooperative (AgNS2 + Au) LSP coupled enhancement SERS signal.
- EF’s of 108 (and a corresponding LOD of 30 pM) was achieved for AgNS2 + 20 nm Au coating. Without coating the corresponding numbers were 7.3 × 105 (35 nM).
- The stability of the substrates was found to be improved post Au coating and we observed only ~70% reduction only in the SERS intensities over a period of 120 days in the coated substrates.
- The batch-to-batch variations in the response from the substrates were carefully investigated and the standard deviation in the SERS counts for a particular analyte (fixed concentration) of our interest were collected from three Ag substrates (produced with same ablation conditions). We found it to be within the experimental error of 100 counts, demonstrating a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <6%.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SERS Substrate | Analyte Molecules | Peak Position (cm−1) | Lowest Detected Concentration | Analytical Enhancement Factor (AEF) | Limit of Detection (LoD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AgNS2 | TH | 560 | 50 nM | 7.3 × 105 | 35 nM |
PA | 820 | 500 nM | 5.7 × 104 | 360 nM | |
MB | 1623 | 500 pM | 9.3 × 106 | 300 pM | |
AN | 1043 | 5 µM | 2.2 × 103 | 3 µM | |
MG | 1169 | 500 pM | 6.5 × 106 | 210 pM | |
HEWL | 1655 | 50 nM | 1.5 × 105 | 27 nM | |
AgNS2 + 10 nm Au coating | TH | 560 | 5 nM | 1 × 106 | 2 nM |
PA | 820 | 5 nM | 4.7 × 105 | - | |
AgNS2 + 20 nm Au coating | TH | 560 | 50 pM | 1 × 108 | 30 pM |
PA | 820 | 500 pM | 1.3 × 107 | - | |
NB | 590 | 50 pM | 8.7 × 107 | 33 pM | |
AgNS2 + 30 nm Au coating | TH | 560 | 500 pM | 5.5 × 106 | 200 pM |
PA | 820 | 5 nM | 7.3 × 105 | - | |
AgNS1 | TH | 560 | 500 nM | 3.1 × 104 | - |
PA | 820 | 50 µM | 8 × 102 | ||
AgNS3 | TH | 560 | 500 nM | 1.4 × 104 | - |
PA | 820 | 5 µM | 5.3 × 103 | ||
MB | 1623 | 5 nM | 9.6 × 105 | ||
AgNS4 | TH | 560 | 500 nM | 1 × 104 | - |
PA | 820 | 50 µM | 7.5 × 102 |
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Banerjee, D.; Akkanaboina, M.; Ghosh, S.; Soma, V.R. Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure, Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules. Materials 2022, 15, 4155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124155
Banerjee D, Akkanaboina M, Ghosh S, Soma VR. Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure, Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules. Materials. 2022; 15(12):4155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124155
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanerjee, Dipanjan, Mangababu Akkanaboina, Subhasree Ghosh, and Venugopal Rao Soma. 2022. "Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure, Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules" Materials 15, no. 12: 4155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124155