Pyrolysis Combustion Characteristics of Epoxy Asphalt Based on TG-MS and Cone Calorimeter Test
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Test Methods
- (1)
- TG-MS
- (2)
- Cone Calorimeter Test
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. TG-MS Analysis
3.1.1. TG Analysis
3.1.2. MS Analysis
3.2. Cone Calorimeter Test Analysis
3.2.1. Combustion Heat Release Performance of Different Materials
3.2.2. Combustion Smoke Release Performance of Different Materials
3.3. SEM Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Epoxy asphalt exhibited different characteristics in pyrolysis and combustion stages. When it was close to the peak temperature of each stage, a peak value was observed in the ion flow curve, and the release of volatiles was the largest.
- (2)
- The peak HRR, THR, SPR, and TSR of epoxy resin were high, reaching 1015.7 kW/m2, 104.5 MJ/m2, 0.203m2/s, and 2995.2 m2/m2, respectively, and the combustion was intense. However, the smoke produced from epoxy resin reduced to a certain extent after the base asphalt was added in the epoxy resin in the form of an interpenetrating network. The SPR of epoxy asphalt was high in the early stage, up to 0.220 m2/s, then sharply decreased. Moreover, the TSR was close to that of base asphalt.
- (3)
- The residual carbon rate was low, and the volatile content was relatively small after the combustion of epoxy resin. Its combustion form is to deepen the combustion layer-by-layer at the pore-forming place. Therefore, the residual carbon surface was dense and flat with few through holes. However, the carbon residue surface of epoxy asphalt after combustion exhibited an irregular network structure, which was rough and loose, with some holes; nevertheless, most of them existed in the form of embedded nonpenetration, which is mainly caused by the impact of noncombustible gases such as N2 and CO2 released by polymers after combustion on the carbon layer.
- (4)
- The results of heat release and smoke release tests showed that epoxy asphalt is not a simple fusion of base asphalt and epoxy resin. Instead, they promote, interact with, and affect each other, and the influence of epoxy resin on the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of epoxy asphalt was greater than that of base asphalt.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Items | Pen. /0.1 mm | R&B/°C | Ductility (10 °C) /cm | RTFOT | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quality Change/% | Residual Penetration Ratio/% | Residual Ductility (10 °C)/cm | ||||
Test value | 72 | 47.5 | 33 | 0.48 | 68.5 | 9 |
Technical requirement | 60–80 | ≥45 | ≥15 | ≤±0.8 | ≥61 | ≥6 |
Test Items | Viscosity (23 °C) /(Pa·s) | Epoxy Equivalent /(g·mol−1) | Water Content /% | Flash Point/°C | Density /(g·cm−3) | Appearance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test value | 13.278 | 189 | 0.02 | 281 | 1.164 | Transparent |
Technical requirement | 11–15 | 185–192 | ≤0.05 | ≥200 | 1.16–1.17 | Transparent |
Test Items | Tensile Strength (23 °C)/MPa | Fracture Elongation (23 °C)/% | Thermoset (300 °C) | Residence Time /min |
---|---|---|---|---|
Test value | 4.3 | 221 | Un-melted | 98 |
Technical requirement | ≥1.5 | ≥200 | 300°C Un-melted | ≥40 |
Pyrolysis Combustion Stage | Temperature Range/°C | Thermal Weightlessness/% | Main Volatiles (Characteristic Products) |
---|---|---|---|
Phase I | 232.1–387.9 | 38.1 | H2(2), C ion fragment(12), NH3(17), H2O(18), CNH(27), N2(28), CO(28), C2H4(28), HS-ion fragment(33), H2S(34), H2O2(34), N3H(43), CH2O2(44), C3H8(44), CO2(44), N2O(44) |
Phase II | 387.9–467.3 | 23.8 | H2(2), C ion fragment(12), NH3(17), H2O(18), CNH(27), N2(28), CO(28), C2H4(28), HS-ion fragment(33), H2S(34), H2O2(34), N3H(43), CO2(44), C2H4O(44), C3H8(44), N2O(44) |
Phase III | 467.3–579.9 | 33.7 | H2(2), C ion fragment(12), NH3(17), H2O(18), CNH(27), N2(28), CO(28), C2H4(28), N3H(43), CO2(44), C2H4O(44), N2O(44), C3H8(44), C3H8O(60), C2H4O2(60), C2H8N2(60), C2H4S(60), SO2(64) |
Sample | TTI (s) | HRR (kW/m2) | THR (MJ/m2) | SPR (m2/s) | TSR (m2/m2) | COP (g/s) | CO2P (g/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base asphalt | 36 | 328.8 | 50.5 | 0.145 | 2413.9 | 0.00635 | 0.1639 |
Epoxy resin | 30 | 1015.7 | 104.5 | 0.203 | 2995.2 | 0.01728 | 0.5845 |
Epoxy asphalt | 31 | 910.5 | 85.2 | 0.220 | 2492.8 | 0.01776 | 0.4991 |
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Li, X.; Shen, J.; Ling, T.; Mei, Q. Pyrolysis Combustion Characteristics of Epoxy Asphalt Based on TG-MS and Cone Calorimeter Test. Materials 2022, 15, 4973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144973
Li X, Shen J, Ling T, Mei Q. Pyrolysis Combustion Characteristics of Epoxy Asphalt Based on TG-MS and Cone Calorimeter Test. Materials. 2022; 15(14):4973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144973
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaolong, Junan Shen, Tianqing Ling, and Qingbin Mei. 2022. "Pyrolysis Combustion Characteristics of Epoxy Asphalt Based on TG-MS and Cone Calorimeter Test" Materials 15, no. 14: 4973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144973