Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material Used
2.2. Preparation of Sample and Test Procedure
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Carbonation Test
2.3.2. Permeability Test
3. Result and Discussions
4. Conclusions
- i
- The 28 days compressive strength of concrete containing 1% and 2% soap solution decreased by 8.4% and 15% compared to that made without soap solution and RHA.
- ii
- The carbonation depth of concrete made with 1% and 2% soap solution concentration and without rice husk ash decreased 11.89% and 46.55%, respectively.
- iii
- The carbonation depth of concrete made with up to 10% replacement showed maximum carbonation resistance, while more than 10% replacement of cement showed higher carbonation depth.
- iv
- The coefficient of permeability of concrete for 2% soap solution significantly decreased compared to that 1% soap solution and control mix.
- v
- Increasing the percentage of rice hush ash content has a negligible effect on the coefficient of permeability of concrete made with 2% soap solution concentration.
- vi
- From these results, it is concluded that the reduction in coefficient of permeability is mainly because of the soap solution.
- vii
- The rice husk ash carbonation depth has been reduced but only up to 10%, and any further replacement increases the carbonation depth.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PH | Moisture | Free Fatty Acid as Oleic Acid (C18H34O2) | Chlorides | Alcohol Insoluble | Total Alkalinity as NaOH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
11.5 | 9.3% | 37.2% | 0.3% | 37% | 7.2% |
Element | Weight% | Atomic% |
---|---|---|
O | 34.07 | 48.47 |
Na | 0.13 | 0.13 |
Mg | 1.39 | 1.30 |
Al | 1.21 | 1.02 |
Si | 51.61 | 41.82 |
P | 4.27 | 3.14 |
K | 3.70 | 2.15 |
Ca | 3.09 | 1.76 |
Fe | 0.53 | 0.22 |
Concrete Mix | Soap Solution Concentration | RHA Percentage |
---|---|---|
M1 | 0 | 0 |
M2 | 1 | 0 |
M3 | 1 | 5 |
M4 | 1 | 10 |
M5 | 1 | 15 |
M6 | 2 | 0 |
M7 | 2 | 5 |
M8 | 2 | 10 |
M9 | 2 | 15 |
Concrete Mix | Soap Solution Concentration | RHA Percentage | Carbonation Depth mm | Carbonation Rate Coefficient (K) mm/days0.5 | Coefficient of Permeability m/s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 0 | 0 | 11.6 | 1.38 | 2.9 × 10−11 |
M2 | 1 | 0 | 10.22 | 1.22 | 2.8 × 10−11 |
M3 | 1 | 5 | 09.86 | 1.17 | 3.9 × 10−11 |
M4 | 1 | 10 | 09.64 | 1.15 | 3.7 × 10−11 |
M5 | 1 | 15 | 12.68 | 1.52 | 3.8 × 10−11 |
M6 | 2 | 0 | 6.2 | 0.74 | 4.1 × 10−12 |
M7 | 2 | 5 | 5.18 | 0.62 | 4.3 × 10−12 |
M8 | 2 | 10 | 4.78 | 0.57 | 4.1 × 10−12 |
M9 | 2 | 15 | 13.25 | 1.58 | 4.2 × 10−12 |
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Kumar, M.; Anand, A.; Chatterjee, R.; Sharma, S.; Maiti, T.K.; Dwivedi, S.P.; Saxena, A.; Li, C.; Eldin, E.M.T. Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition. Materials 2022, 15, 6149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176149
Kumar M, Anand A, Chatterjee R, Sharma S, Maiti TK, Dwivedi SP, Saxena A, Li C, Eldin EMT. Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition. Materials. 2022; 15(17):6149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176149
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Manish, Ashutosh Anand, Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Shubham Sharma, Tushar Kanti Maiti, Shashi Prakash Dwivedi, Ambuj Saxena, Changhe Li, and Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin. 2022. "Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition" Materials 15, no. 17: 6149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176149