Effect of Dynamic Preheating on the Thermal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Experimental Methods and Equipment
2.2. Numerical Simulation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Temperature Test
3.2. Temperature Distribution
3.3. Hardness and Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The FEM of dynamic preheating LW was successfully established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by experiments. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Under the action of arc dynamic preheating, the molten pool area increases significantly;
- (2)
- Under the action of arc dynamic preheating, the temperature gradient and cooling rate of HLAW were significantly lower than those of LW. Changing the current level has a certain influence on the temperature gradient. Excessive current (40 A) leads to a significant decrease in the temperature gradient of the preheating temperature rise. However, the change in current has a negligible effect on the cooling rate;
- (3)
- Arc dynamic preheating is conducive to improving the hardness and tensile properties of welded joints due to ferrite refinement after dynamic preheating. Feathery ferrite forms at appropriate preheating temperature. Compared with values from LW, the yield strength of welded joints with dynamic preheating by a current of 20 A increased by 18.3%, from 477.0 to 564.3 MPa. The use of the appropriate current is helpful in reducing thermal stress and improving the tensile properties of the joint.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Laser Characteristic Parameters | Value |
---|---|
maximum continuous output power | 10,000 W |
Power output stability | ±1% |
beam quality | 8 mm·mrad |
laser wavelength | 1030 nm |
Fiber diameter | 400 μm |
Type | Fe | Si (%) | Mo (%) | Cr (%) | Ni (%) | Mn (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | Balance | ≤1 | 2–3 | 16–18 | 12–15 | ≤2 |
Case | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current (A) | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
Temperature (K) | Density (kg·m−3) | Specific Heat (J·kg−1·K−1) | Thermal Conductivity (W·m−1·K−1) |
---|---|---|---|
300 | 7954 | 498.73 | 13.44 |
500 | 7864 | 525.51 | 16.8 |
700 | 7771 | 551.87 | 19.87 |
900 | 7674 | 578.65 | 22.79 |
1100 | 7574 | 605.01 | 25.46 |
1300 | 7471 | 631.78 | 28.02 |
Nomenclature | Value |
---|---|
Ambient temperature | 300 K |
Solidus temperature | 1653 K |
Liquidus temperature | 1731 K |
Gasification temperature | 3134 K |
Latent heat of fusion | 2.77 × 105 K/kg |
Latent heat of evaporation | 6.34 × 106 K/kg |
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Xie, L.; Shi, W.; Wu, T.; Gong, M.; Cai, D.; Han, S.; He, K. Effect of Dynamic Preheating on the Thermal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Joints. Materials 2022, 15, 6159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176159
Xie L, Shi W, Wu T, Gong M, Cai D, Han S, He K. Effect of Dynamic Preheating on the Thermal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Joints. Materials. 2022; 15(17):6159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176159
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Linyi, Wenqing Shi, Teng Wu, Meimei Gong, Detao Cai, Shanguo Han, and Kuanfang He. 2022. "Effect of Dynamic Preheating on the Thermal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Joints" Materials 15, no. 17: 6159. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176159