Effect of Cu Modified Textile Structures on Antibacterial and Antiviral Protection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Modification of Fabrics
2.2. Microscopic Analysis
2.3. Determination of Cu Content
2.4. Antibacterial Test
2.5. Antiviral and Cytotoxicity Tests
2.6. Determination of Wettability and Surface Free Energy
2.7. Air Permeability Measurement
2.8. Water Vapour Permeability Measurement
2.9. Testing of Comfort Parameter
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Textile Structures and Cu Sputtering Effect
3.2. Antiviral Activity and Toxicity
3.3. Antibacterial Activity
3.4. Surface Properties
3.5. Comfort Properties
4. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polyester Fabric (PET) | Cotton Fabric (CO) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Raw material | polyester (PET) 90% with polyamide (PA) 10% | cotton 100% | |
Yarn | warp | PET DTY dtex 110 f 144 (textured microfiber), linear mass of filament 0.76 dtex | tex 8 |
weft | PET dtex 167 f (75 × 8) (textured supermicrofiber, biocomponent 80% PET and 20% PA as a spacer in segmented-pie (orange cross section) filament), linear mass of filament 0.28 dtex | tex 8 | |
Wave | ¼ (2)—five-thread satin | plain | |
Treads number/10 cm | warp | 469 | 310 |
weft | 332 | 300 | |
Mass per unit area, g/m2 | 130 ± 1 | 55 ± 1 | |
Thickness, mm | 0.41 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.10 | |
Volume porosity *, % | 77.1 | 87.3 |
Pressure, Mbar | Effective Power, kWh | Circulating Power, kWh | Argon Content, % | Number of Passes | Speed, mm/s | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PET | 2.0 × 10−3 | 2.0–2.2 | 0.8–1.0 | 3 | 15 | 15 |
CO | 2.0 × 10−3 | 2.0–2.2 | 0.8–1.0 | 3 | 15 | 15 |
Elements, wt% | PET | CO | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine | Cu | Pristine | Cu | |
C | 63.0 ± 0.08 | 35.7 ± 0.73 | 47.7 ± 0.25 | 26.6 ± 1.67 |
O | 36.5 ± 0.09 | 25.3 ± 0.27 | 52.3 ± 0.25 | 30.0 ± 0.82 |
Cu | - | 38.9 ± 0.47 | - | 43.4 ± 1.04 |
Ti | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | - | - |
Control Samples | Test Samples | Mv | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Log Reduction PFU/mL VACV | Log Reduction PFU/mL HSV-1 | Log Reduction TCID50/mL IFV | Log Reduction TCID MHV | ||
PET | PET/Cu | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
CO | CO/Cu | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PET/Cu | CO/Cu | PET/Cu | CO/Cu | |
Concentration of inoculum, CFU/mL | 2.7 × 105 | 2.8 × 105 | ||
Growth value F—for the control sample (pristine) F = lg Ct − lg Co | 3.73 lg Ct: −8.32 lg Co: −4.59 | 4.95 lg Ct: −9.29 lg Co: –4.34 | 4.31 lg Ct: −9.56 lg Co: −5.25 | 4.42 lg Ct: −9.61 lg Co: −5.19 |
Growth value G—for the test sample (Cu modified) G = lg Tt − lg To | −3.10 lg Tt: −1.30 lg To: −4.40 | 0.00 lg Tt: −1.30 lg To: –1.30 | −2.65 lg Tt: −1.30 lg To: −3.95 | 0.00 lg Tt: −1.30 lg To: −1.30 |
Value of antimicrobial activity A A = (lg Ct − lg Co) − (lg Tt − lg Co) | 7.02 | 7.99 | 8.26 | 8.31 |
Time and temperature of incubation | 22 h + 48 h (37 ± 2 °C) |
Sample | Contact Angle Θ, Deg | Surface Free Energy γS and Dispersive γSd and Polar Components γSp, mJ/m2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Θw | ΘF | ΘH | γS | γSd | γSp | ||
PET | pristine | 0.0 | 18.1 ± 2.1 | 0.0 | 72.04 | 17.21 | 54.82 |
Cu | 131.2 ± 1.5 | 117.1 ± 1.2 | 0.0 | 16.43 | 15.38 | 1.05 | |
CO | pristine | 0.0 | 22.8 ± 2.2 | 0.0 | 71.71 | 16.81 | 54.90 |
Cu | 135.0 ± 1.9 | 128.6 ± 1.4 | 0.0 | 15.26 | 13.79 | 1.56 |
Sample | λ, Wm−1K−1 | a × 10−8, m2s−1 |
---|---|---|
PET | 0.041 ± 0.0008 | 5.07 ± 0.753 |
PET/Cu | 0.044 ± 0.0012 | 7.11 ± 1.290 |
CO | 0.038 ± 0.0007 | 7.90 ± 1.800 |
CO/Cu | 0.039 ± 0.0008 | 8.10 ± 0.600 |
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Cieślak, M.; Kowalczyk, D.; Krzyżowska, M.; Janicka, M.; Witczak, E.; Kamińska, I. Effect of Cu Modified Textile Structures on Antibacterial and Antiviral Protection. Materials 2022, 15, 6164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176164
Cieślak M, Kowalczyk D, Krzyżowska M, Janicka M, Witczak E, Kamińska I. Effect of Cu Modified Textile Structures on Antibacterial and Antiviral Protection. Materials. 2022; 15(17):6164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176164
Chicago/Turabian StyleCieślak, Małgorzata, Dorota Kowalczyk, Małgorzata Krzyżowska, Martyna Janicka, Ewa Witczak, and Irena Kamińska. 2022. "Effect of Cu Modified Textile Structures on Antibacterial and Antiviral Protection" Materials 15, no. 17: 6164. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176164