Properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Phase Composition | V/106 pm3 | R |
---|---|---|---|
NBT | |||
unpoled | R3C | 353.07260 | 8.15% |
poled | R3C | 353.72130 | 7.93% |
NBT05Fe | |||
unpoled | R3C 79.2% | 351.98740 | 10.70% |
P4bm 16.1% | 119.00890 | 10.91% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 4.7% | 1202.07200 | 9.80% | |
poled | R3C 78.3% | 351.72870 | 7.34% |
P4bm 18.4% | 119.24740 | 7.74% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 3.3% | 1208.56100 | 7.11% | |
NBT1Fe | |||
unpoled | R3C 74.2% | 352.14380 | 7.34% |
P4bm 25.0% | 120.00790 | 7.24% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 0.8% | 1217.23200 | 8.86% | |
poled | R3C 81.3% | 352.87970 | 3.79% |
P4bm 13.9% | 120.12210 | 5.04% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 4.8% | 1210.36900 | 6.51% | |
NBT05Mn | |||
unpoled | R3C 47.1% | 351.92630 | 3.98% |
P4bm 52.0% | 119.33060 | 3.32% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 0.9% | 1204.94400 | 7.39% | |
poled | R3C 46.6% | 352.17970 | 6.32% |
P4bm 52.3% | 118.94330 | 7.87% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 1.1% | 1205.90500 | 9.98% | |
NBT1Mn | |||
unpoled | R3C 69.4% | 351.74620 | 7.33% |
P4bm 30.1% | 119.00110 | 7.80% | |
poled | Bi5Ti3FeO15 0.5% | 1203.90000 | 10.47% |
R3C 45.6% | 351.91730 | 4.01% | |
P4bm 53.4% | 118.99880 | 4.90% | |
Bi5Ti3FeO15 1.0% | 1212.02800 | 6.72% |
Sample | Td [°C] | Tm [°C] |
---|---|---|
NBT | ||
unpoled | 190 | 316 |
poled | 196 | 317 |
NBT05Fe | ||
unpoled | 160 | 318 |
poled | 168 | 322 |
NBT1Fe | ||
unpoled | 165 | 338 |
poled | 170 | 351 |
NBT05Mn | ||
unpoled | 165 | 290 |
poled | 195 | 293 |
NBT1Mn | ||
unpoled | 177 | 306 |
poled | 244 | 312 |
Temperature Range | RT-190 °C | 190–320 °C | 320–450 °C | 450–540 °C | 540–600 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activation Energy | |||||
Ea[eV] | Ea[eV] | Ea[eV] | Ea[eV] | Ea[eV] | |
NBT | 0.057 | 0.049 | 0.290 | 0.690 | 1.951 |
NBT05Fe | 0.041 | 0.031 | 0.240 | 0.630 | 1.765 |
NBT1Fe | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.280 | 0.670 | 1.692 |
NBT05Mn | 0.045 | 0.036 | 0.270 | 0.630 | 1.633 |
NBT1Mn | 0.039 | 0.027 | 0.261 | 0.610 | 1.722 |
Mode Name | Frequency (cm−1) | FWHM (cm−1) |
---|---|---|
a | 126 | 120 |
b | 234 | 100 |
c | 278 | 176 |
d | 386 | 94 |
e | 518 | 167 |
f | 594 | 112 |
g | 759 | 253 |
h | 856 | 122 |
i | 999 | 310 |
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Suchanicz, J.; Wąs, M.; Nowakowska-Malczyk, M.; Sitko, D.; Kluczewska-Chmielarz, K.; Konieczny, K.; Jagło, G.; Czaja, P.; Handke, B.; Kucia, Z.; et al. Properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn. Materials 2022, 15, 6204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186204
Suchanicz J, Wąs M, Nowakowska-Malczyk M, Sitko D, Kluczewska-Chmielarz K, Konieczny K, Jagło G, Czaja P, Handke B, Kucia Z, et al. Properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn. Materials. 2022; 15(18):6204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186204
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuchanicz, Jan, Marcin Wąs, Michalina Nowakowska-Malczyk, Dorota Sitko, Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz, Krzysztof Konieczny, Grzegorz Jagło, Piotr Czaja, Bartosz Handke, Zofia Kucia, and et al. 2022. "Properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn" Materials 15, no. 18: 6204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186204