Evaluation of Green-Synthesized Cuprospinel Nanoparticles as a Nanosensor for Detection of Low-Concentration Cd(II) Ion in the Aqueous Solutions by the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the Psidium Guajava L. Leaf Extract
2.3. Green Synthesis of Cuprospinel (CuFe2O4) Nanoparticles
2.4. Characterization
2.5. Quartz Crystal Micro-Balance (QCM) Technique
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Cuprospinel Nanoparticles
3.1.1. Identification Analysis
3.1.2. Structural Analyses
Surface Area and Pore Size
Zeta Potential and Particle Size Distribution
3.1.3. Microscopic Analyses
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.2. Detection of Cd(II) Ion by Cuprospinel Nanoparticles-Based QSM Nanosensor
3.3. Comparison of the Sensitivity of a Cuprospinel Nanoparticles-Based QSM Nanosensor with Currently Available Methods for the Detection of Cd(II) Ion in the Aqueous Solutions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Method | LOD Value | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Whole-cell biosensors | 3 nM | [62] |
2 | Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction approach (DLLME) combined with total reflection X-ray spectrometry (TXRF) | 0.04 μg/L | [63] |
3 | Fluorescent probe of CdSe/CdS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) | 6 nmol/L | [64] |
4 | Electrochemical sensor based on Fe3O4/Bi2O3/C3N4 nanocomposites | 3 × 10−9 mol/L | [65] |
5 | Electrochemical sensor using a Fe3O4/G composite | 0.08 μg/L | [66] |
6 | Ion-imprinted surface plasmon resonance sensor | 0.01 µg/L | [67] |
7 | Green synthesized hybrid PVA-chitosan nanocomposite sensor probe | 800 ppt | [68] |
8 | Atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction | 0.44 ng/mL | [69] |
9 | In situ MID-FTIR-PLS analysis using a polymer inclusion membrane-based sensor | 0.45 × 10−4 mol/dm3 | [70] |
10 | Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after preconcentration by the XAD-4/GBHD system | 0.06–0.50 µg/L | [71] |
11 | Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with chelating resin enrichment | 3.6 µg/L | [72] |
12 | Green solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry | 0.2 ng/L | [73] |
13 | Mercury film silver-based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) and anodic stripping voltammetric analysis | 1.3 × 10−8 mol/L | [74] |
14 | Voltammetric sensing using a bimetallic Hg–Bi supported on poly(1,2 diaminoanthraquinone)/glassy carbon-modified electrode | 0.107 μg/L | [75] |
15 | SnO2, MoS2, SnO2/MoS2, SnO2–MoS2 sensing membrane combination with a fiber-optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer | 0–100 µM | [76] |
16 | Gold-coated reflection-type fiber optic-surface plasmon resonance (Au-coated FO-SPR) sensor | [77] | |
BSA/Au | 7.1 nM | ||
PANI/Au | 8.8 nM | ||
Chitosan/Au | 9.4 nM | ||
17 | Cuprospinel nanoparticles-based QCM nanosensor | 3.6 ng/L | The current work |
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Al-Qasmi, N.; Al-Gethami, W.; Alhashmialameer, D.; Ismail, S.H.; Sadek, A.H. Evaluation of Green-Synthesized Cuprospinel Nanoparticles as a Nanosensor for Detection of Low-Concentration Cd(II) Ion in the Aqueous Solutions by the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method. Materials 2022, 15, 6240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186240
Al-Qasmi N, Al-Gethami W, Alhashmialameer D, Ismail SH, Sadek AH. Evaluation of Green-Synthesized Cuprospinel Nanoparticles as a Nanosensor for Detection of Low-Concentration Cd(II) Ion in the Aqueous Solutions by the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method. Materials. 2022; 15(18):6240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186240
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Qasmi, Noha, Wafa Al-Gethami, Dalal Alhashmialameer, Sameh H. Ismail, and Ahmed H. Sadek. 2022. "Evaluation of Green-Synthesized Cuprospinel Nanoparticles as a Nanosensor for Detection of Low-Concentration Cd(II) Ion in the Aqueous Solutions by the Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method" Materials 15, no. 18: 6240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186240