Effect of Fe and C Contents on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN625 Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. XRD Analysis
3.2. Precipitation and Segregation Features of the As-Built Alloy
3.3. Effect of SR and ST on the Precipitation Distribution and Morphology
3.4. EBSD Analysis of the As-Built and Heat-Treated Alloys
3.5. Mechanical Properties
3.6. EBSD Observations after High-Temperature Tensile Testing
3.7. Fractography
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- A higher content of Fe results in a higher level of segregation in the interdendritic regions of the as-built IN625 alloy, with the grain size not being affected by this.
- More intensive segregation in the IN625 alloy with a higher Fe content leads to an enhanced formation of the δ phase and carbides during stress relief annealing at 870 °C.
- The Fe content has no effect on the carbide formation during solution treatment at 1120 °C, whereas the higher the C content, the higher the fraction of carbides formed during this treatment.
- The room temperature mechanical properties of the LPBF IN625 alloy were found insensitive to the Fe and C content variations studied in this work; the effect of processing overcame that of chemical composition. On the contrary, a higher C content in one of the IN625 powders resulted in a greater fraction of fine M6C carbide particles at the grain boundaries and a lower high-temperature ductility of the LPBF IN625 alloy. High-temperature ductility of the LPBF IN625 alloy was found insensitive to the Fe content variations studied in this work.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IN625 | Ni | Cr | Mo | Nb | Fe | Ti | Al | C | O | Si | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard | Bal | 20–22 | 8–10 | 3.15–4.15 | <5 | <0.4 | < 0.4 | <0.1 | n/a | <0.5 | <0.015 |
Powder 1 (15–45 µm) | Bal | 20.8 | 9.1 | 3.64 | 4.2 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.014 | 0.08 | <0.015 |
Alloy 1 (from Powder 1) | Bal | 21.15 | 9.8 | 3.68 | 4.28 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.024 | - | 0.07 | <0.001 |
Powder 2 (15–53 µm) | Bal | 21.66 | 8.86 | 3.66 | 0.95 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.040 | 0.011 | 0.07 | <0.001 |
Alloy 2 (from Powder 2) | Bal | 21.89 | 9.93 | 3.79 | 0.97 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.035 | - | 0.03 | <0.001 |
State | Properties | Alloy 1 | Alloy 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 °C | 760 °C | 20 °C | 760 °C | ||
as-built | YS, MPa | 710 ± 5 | 360 ± 30 | 720 ± 20 | 340 ± 30 |
UTS, MPa | 1005 ± 10 | 370 ± 30 | 1020 ± 30 | 360 ± 40 | |
Elongation, % | 35 ± 2 | 16 ± 2 | 37 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | |
SR | YS, MPa | 645 ± 10 | 360 ± 15 | 650 ± 10 | 340 ± 10 |
UTS, MPa | 1000 ± 15 | 370 ± 10 | 1000 ± 10 | 360 ± 15 | |
Elongation, % | 40 ± 1 | 19 ± 1 | 40 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 | |
ST | YS, MPa | 380 ± 10 | 260 ± 5 | 390 ± 5 | 270 ± 10 |
UTS, MPa | 870 ± 5 | 345 ± 10 | 890 ± 15 | 340 ± 10 | |
Elongation, % | 65 ± 1 | 22 ± 2 | 64 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 |
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Kreitcberg, A.; Brailovski, V. Effect of Fe and C Contents on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN625 Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials 2022, 15, 6606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196606
Kreitcberg A, Brailovski V. Effect of Fe and C Contents on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN625 Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials. 2022; 15(19):6606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196606
Chicago/Turabian StyleKreitcberg, Alena, and Vladimir Brailovski. 2022. "Effect of Fe and C Contents on the Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN625 Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion" Materials 15, no. 19: 6606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196606