The Influence of Layer Thickness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Additively Manufactured by LENS® Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Porosity
3.2. Microstructure and Phase Composition
3.3. Microhardenss
3.4. Tensile Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | Manufacturing Parameters | E [GPa] | UTS [MPa] | YS [MPa] | EL [%] | HRC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wrought | 1000–1170 | 760–895 | 6–15 | 35 | ||
Wrought AH [15] | 1930–2050 | 1862–2000 | 5–7 | 52 | ||
SLM AB | Laser power: 285 W Scan speed: 950 mm/s Hatch space: 110 μm Layer thickness: 60 μm | 1085 ± 19 | 920 ± 24 | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 35.7 ± 1.1 | |
SLM AH 490/6 h | 1942 ± 31 | 1867 ± 22 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 52.9 ± 1.2 | ||
SLM SA 840/1 h | 983 ± 13 | 923 ± 16 | 13.7 ± 0.7 | 27.5 ± 0.4 | ||
SLM SA AB840/1 h; 490/6 h [15] | 1898 ± 33 | 1818 ± 27 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 51.3 ± 0.9 | ||
SLM AB | Laser power: 105 W Scan speed: 200 mm/s Layer thickness: 30 μm | 163 ± 4.4 | 1290 ± 112 | 13.3 ± 1.86 | 40 | |
SLM AH 480/5 h [16] | 189 ± 2.8 | 2217 ± 72 | 1.6 ± 0.26 | 58 | ||
SLM AB | Laser power: 100 W Scan speed: 150 mm/s Hatch space: 112 μm Layer thickness: 30 μm | 163 ± 4.5 | 1290 ± 114 | 1214 ± 99 | 39.9 ± 0.1 | |
SLM AH 480/5 h [17] | 189 ± 2.9 | 2217 ± 73 | 1998 ± 32 | 58 ± 0.1 | ||
SLM AB | Laser power: 300 W Layer thickness: 50 μm | 1214 ± 3 | 1135 ± 4 | 15 ± 2 | 35 ± 1 | |
SLM SA AH 850/1 h; 490/6 h [18] | 2106 ± 2 | 2055 ± 11 | 8 ± 2 | 53 ± 3 |
M300 Maraging Steel Powder | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element wt.% | Ni | Co | Mo | Ti | Si | Fe |
Manufacturer | 18.60 | 8.75 | 4.89 | 0.81 | 0.08 | Bal. |
EDS analysis | 18.25 ± 0.13 | 9.15 ± 0.11 | 4.33 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | Bal. |
Sample | Power (W) | Hatch Space (mm) | Layer Thickness (mm) | Powder Feeding Rate (g/min) | Hatch Angle (◦) | Laser Head Travel Speed-Contour/Main (mm/s) | Laser Spot Size (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 600 | 0.7 | 0.50 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 0/45/90/135 | 12/15 | 1.15 |
B | 600 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 13.9 ± 0.1 | 0/45/90/135 | 12/15 | 1.15 |
C | 600 | 0.7 | 1 | 19.8 ± 0.1 | 0/45/90/135 | 12/15 | 1.15 |
Layer Thickness | Porosity [%] | Circularity | |
---|---|---|---|
0.5 mm | Bottom | 0.21 ± 0.12 | 0.752 ± 0.003 |
Middle | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.780 ± 0.006 | |
Top | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.785 ± 0.021 | |
0.75 mm | Bottom | 0.39 ± 0.13 | 0.718 ± 0.018 |
Middle | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.728 ± 0.016 | |
Top | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.730 ± 0.010 | |
1 mm | Bottom | 1.12 ± 0.53 | 0.669 ± 0.027 |
Middle | 0.56 ± 0.20 | 0.767 ± 0.013 | |
Top | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.780 ± 0.004 |
Layer Thickness | Bottom | Middle | Top |
---|---|---|---|
0.5 mm | | | |
0.75 mm | | | |
1 mm | | | |
Layer Thickness | UTS [MPa] | YS [MPa] | E [GPa] | EL [%] | HV0.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 mm | 1958 ± 10 | 1856 ± 8 | 194 ± 6 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 617 ± 18 |
0.75 mm | 1926 ± 10 | 1813 ± 20 | 188 ± 10 | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 616 ± 8 |
1 mm | 548 ± 60 | - | 178 ± 8 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 609 ± 8 |
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Rońda, N.; Grzelak, K.; Polański, M.; Dworecka-Wójcik, J. The Influence of Layer Thickness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Additively Manufactured by LENS® Technology. Materials 2022, 15, 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020603
Rońda N, Grzelak K, Polański M, Dworecka-Wójcik J. The Influence of Layer Thickness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Additively Manufactured by LENS® Technology. Materials. 2022; 15(2):603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020603
Chicago/Turabian StyleRońda, Natalia, Krzysztof Grzelak, Marek Polański, and Julita Dworecka-Wójcik. 2022. "The Influence of Layer Thickness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M300 Maraging Steel Additively Manufactured by LENS® Technology" Materials 15, no. 2: 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020603