The Failure Mechanism of the 316 SS Heat Exchanger Tube in the Geothermal Water Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. The Field Investigation
2.2. Material Inspection
2.3. Electrochemical Tests
2.4. Observation of Corrosion and Fracture Morphology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preliminary Visual Examination
3.2. Material Inspection
3.3. DL-EPR Test Results
3.4. Corrosion Analysis
3.5. Fracture Morphology and Secondary Cracks
4. Discussion
4.1. Failure Causes
4.2. SCC Mechanism Analysis
5. Conclusions and Further Suggestions
- Before service, verify whether the composition and microstructure of the steel parts meet the standard.
- Replace the 316 SS with more SCC resistant steels, such as 2205 duplex stainless steel.
- Reduce the concentration of chloride ions in industrial condensed water.
- Relieve the residual stress of the tube through solution treatment.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Failed pipe | 0.042 | 0.47 | 1.42 | 0.033 | 0.0054 | 8.02 | 17.53 | 0.18 |
S31608 | <0.08 | <1.00 | <2.00 | <0.045 | <0.030 | 10.00–14.00 | 16.00–18.00 | 2.00–3.00 |
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Yang, J.; Li, C.; Pan, Y.; Huang, H. The Failure Mechanism of the 316 SS Heat Exchanger Tube in the Geothermal Water Environment. Materials 2022, 15, 8103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228103
Yang J, Li C, Pan Y, Huang H. The Failure Mechanism of the 316 SS Heat Exchanger Tube in the Geothermal Water Environment. Materials. 2022; 15(22):8103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228103
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jike, Chan Li, Yue Pan, and Hui Huang. 2022. "The Failure Mechanism of the 316 SS Heat Exchanger Tube in the Geothermal Water Environment" Materials 15, no. 22: 8103. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228103