Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate

Veselinović, Ljiljana; Mitrić, Miodrag; Mančić, Lidija; Jardim, Paula M.; Škapin, Srečo Davor; Cvjetićanin, Nikola; Milović, Miloš D.; Marković, Smilja

doi:10.3390/ma15238500

Open AccessArticle

Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate

by

Ljiljana Veselinović

^1,*,

Miodrag Mitrić

²,

Lidija Mančić

¹

,

Paula M. Jardim

³

,

Srečo Davor Škapin

⁴,

Nikola Cvjetićanin

⁵

,

Miloš D. Milović

¹

and

Smilja Marković

^1,*

¹

Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

²

The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

³

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-630, Brazil

⁴

Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

⁵

Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, P.O. Box 137, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8500; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238500

Submission received: 24 October 2022 / Revised: 11 November 2022 / Accepted: 18 November 2022 / Published: 29 November 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dielectric Ceramics)

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Abstract

This paper reports a detailed study of crystal structure and dielectric properties of ruthenium-substituted calcium-copper titanates (CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂, CCTRO). A series of three samples with different stoichiometry was prepared: CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂, x = 0, 1 and 4, abbreviated as CCTO, CCT3RO and CCRO, respectively. A detailed structural analysis of CCTRO samples was done by the Rietveld refinement of XRPD data. The results show that, regardless of whether Ti⁴⁺ or Ru⁴⁺ ions are placed in B crystallographic position in AA’₃B₄O₁₂ (CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂) unit cell, the crystal structure remains cubic with

I m \bar{3}

symmetry. Slight increases in the unit cell parameters, cell volume and interatomic distances indicate that Ru⁴⁺ ions with larger ionic radii (0.62 Å) than Ti⁴⁺ (0.605 Å) are incorporated in the CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂ crystal lattice. The structural investigations were confirmed using TEM, HRTEM and ADF/STEM analyses, including EDXS elemental mapping. The effect of Ru atoms share in CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂ samples on their electrical properties was determined by impedance and dielectric measurements. Results of dielectric measurements indicate that one atom of ruthenium per CaCu₃Ti_4−xRu_xO₁₂ unit cell transforms dielectric CCTO into conductive CCT3RO while preserving cubic crystal structure. Our findings about CCTO and CCT3RO ceramics promote them as ideal tandem to overcome the problem of stress on dielectric-electrode interfaces in capacitors.

Keywords: CCTO; ruthenium substituted calcium-copper titanate; dielectrics; conductors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Veselinović, L.; Mitrić, M.; Mančić, L.; Jardim, P.M.; Škapin, S.D.; Cvjetićanin, N.; Milović, M.D.; Marković, S. Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate. Materials 2022, 15, 8500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238500

AMA Style

Veselinović L, Mitrić M, Mančić L, Jardim PM, Škapin SD, Cvjetićanin N, Milović MD, Marković S. Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate. Materials. 2022; 15(23):8500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238500

Chicago/Turabian Style

Veselinović, Ljiljana, Miodrag Mitrić, Lidija Mančić, Paula M. Jardim, Srečo Davor Škapin, Nikola Cvjetićanin, Miloš D. Milović, and Smilja Marković. 2022. "Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate" Materials 15, no. 23: 8500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238500

APA Style

Veselinović, L., Mitrić, M., Mančić, L., Jardim, P. M., Škapin, S. D., Cvjetićanin, N., Milović, M. D., & Marković, S. (2022). Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate. Materials, 15(23), 8500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238500

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Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of Ruthenium-Substituted Calcium Copper Titanate

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