Comparison of Temperature Distribution between TWIP and Plain Carbon Steels during Wire Drawing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures and Numerical Simulation
2.1. Materials
2.2. Wire Drawing
2.3. Measurement of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
2.4. Measurement of Thermal Properties
2.5. Finite Element Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermal Properties
3.2. Model Validation
3.3. Wire Drawing Behaviors with Thermal Properties of a Wire
3.4. Die Temperature with Thermal Properties of Wire
4. Conclusions
- The thermal conductivity (k) of TWIP steel was approximately one third of that of plain low-carbon steel, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the TWIP steel was approximately 50% higher than that of low-carbon steel in the temperature range of 26–400 °C.
- The temperature distributions of the wire strongly depended on the k of the wire during wire drawing. The maximum temperature of TWIP was higher, and the TWIP steel took a longer time to attain the equilibrium temperature within the wire compared with the low-carbon steel during wire drawing owing to the low k.
- The maximum temperature of the die increased as the k of the wire decreased, indicating that die wear can increase with decreasing the k of the wire. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the drawing speed as the k of the wire decreases, especially in high-alloyed metals and TWIP steels. Meanwhile, further study regarding the effect of thermal properties of a die on the wire drawing behaviors is necessary.
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Steels | Compositions (wt.%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Mn | Si | Cu | Fe | |
Low-carbon | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.10 | - | Balance |
TWIP | 0.72 | 17.07 | - | 2.90 | Balance |
Material | Flow Stress (MPa) |
---|---|
Low-carbon steel | σ = 628ε0.16 |
TWIP steel | σ = 1984ε0.53 |
Tungsten carbide die | Rigid body |
Steels | Specific Heat [cp] (J/kg °C) | Density [ρ] (kg/m3) | Thermal Conductivity [k] (W/m °C) |
---|---|---|---|
Low-carbon steel | 438.8 + 0.40T (°C) | 7798.0 − 0.26T (°C) | 60.5 − 0.036T (°C) |
TWIP steel | 507.6 + 0.23T (°C) | 7823.3 − 0.40T (°C) | 13.7 + 0.013T (°C) |
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Hwang, J.-K. Comparison of Temperature Distribution between TWIP and Plain Carbon Steels during Wire Drawing. Materials 2022, 15, 8696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238696
Hwang J-K. Comparison of Temperature Distribution between TWIP and Plain Carbon Steels during Wire Drawing. Materials. 2022; 15(23):8696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238696
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Joong-Ki. 2022. "Comparison of Temperature Distribution between TWIP and Plain Carbon Steels during Wire Drawing" Materials 15, no. 23: 8696. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238696