Properties and Microstructure of Na2CO3-Activated Binders Modified with Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Mix Proportions
2.2. Testing Methods
2.2.1. Compressive Strengths and Shrinkage Behavior
2.2.2. Phase Assemblage and Microstructure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Setting Times and Compressive Strengths
3.2. Autogenous and Drying Shrinkage
3.3. Phase Assemblage
3.3.1. XRD
3.3.2. TGA
3.3.3. FTIR
3.4. Microstructure Evolution
3.4.1. Pore Structure
3.4.2. SEM
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mixtures a | GBFS (g) | Na2CO3 (g) | Ca(OH)2 (g) | Mg(OH)2 (g) | Water (g) | w/b | Na:Al | Ca/Si | Mg/Si |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C0 | 100 | 10 | - | - | 50 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 1.18 | 0.26 |
C1M4 | 100 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 50 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 1.29 | 0.39 |
C2M3 | 100 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 50 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 1.32 | 0.36 |
C3M2 | 100 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 50 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 1.34 | 0.33 |
C4M1 | 100 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 50 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 1.37 | 0.29 |
Materials | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Fe2O3 | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | TiO2 | LOI a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GBFS | 32.2 | 18.6 | 38.1 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Samples | Bound Water (%) | Pore Volume (×10−3 cm3/g) | Average Pore Diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
C1M4 | 12.35 | 40.78 | 20.37 |
C2M3 | 13.22 | 36.63 | 19.79 |
C3M2 | 13.50 | 37.16 | 23.16 |
C4M1 | 14.41 | 33.53 | 22.33 |
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Xie, L.; Liu, K. Properties and Microstructure of Na2CO3-Activated Binders Modified with Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. Materials 2022, 15, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051687
Xie L, Liu K. Properties and Microstructure of Na2CO3-Activated Binders Modified with Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. Materials. 2022; 15(5):1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051687
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Lilan, and Kaiwei Liu. 2022. "Properties and Microstructure of Na2CO3-Activated Binders Modified with Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2" Materials 15, no. 5: 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051687