Method for Manufacturing Corn Straw Cement-Based Composite and Its Physical Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Mixes
2.2. CSCC Production Method
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.3.1. Physics Experiments
- λε = thermal conductivity of sample (W/m·K).
- Q = sum sample heat flow rate (W).
- T1 = average temperature of cold box (°C).
- T2 = average temperature of metering box (°C).
- S = sample area (m2).
- d = sample thickness (m).
- k = correction factor is 1.03.
2.3.2. Analytical Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Performance Analysis of Corn Straw
3.2. Performance Analysis of CSCC
3.3. HPMC Mission in CSCC
3.4. Effect of Corn Straw Dose on Heat of Hydration
3.5. Mechanism Analysis of CSCC
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In this study, a 3 wt.% siliceous solution was used for surface treatment of corn straw. Treated corn straw is converted from a hydrophilic material to a hydrophobic material through a change in its water absorbency. This approach has effectively solved the problem of difficulty or termination of hydration of Portland cement due to easy hydrolysis of polysaccharide substances in alkaline solution.
- (2)
- Relying on the binding between Ca2+ and the ether group (R-O-R), Portland cement particles can be adsorbed to HPMC molecules, leading to hydrogen-bonded molecular cross-linking. This improves the cohesion and water retention of Portland cement paste. HPMC also avoids delamination between corn straw and cement paste due to vibration, guarantees uniform distribution of corn straw in cement-based composite, and guarantees stable thermal conductivity of materials and the uniform quality of products.
- (3)
- Seen from the results of EDS analysis, the hydration interface between corn straw and Portland cement was obvious after treatment. The Portland cement hydration crystals closely intersected, and the Portland cement product C-S-H crystal was similar to ordinary cement-based composite. However, when the dosage of corn straw exceeded 19 wt.% of cement mass, Portland cement showed an obvious decrease in hydration strength, which suggests that the siliceous solution has limitations when it comes to the treatment of corn straw.
- (4)
- When corn straw was added to the cement-based composite, the bulk corn straw replaced a considerable volume of cement-based composite, so the effect of weight reduction was obvious. However, corn straw did not play a skeleton role in the cement-based composite, so the compressive strength of cement-based composite decreased with increasing dosage of corn straw. When the dosage of corn straw was 18 wt.%, the thermal conductivity of CSCC was 0.102 (W/(m·K)), and its compressive strength exceeded 1 MPa, which met the application requirements of light thermal insulation materials for frame structures.
5. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components (wt.%) | SiO2 | Al2O3 | FexOy | MgO | CaO | SO3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity | 22.14 | 5.01 | 5.11 | 1.10 | 1.78 | 2.30 |
Components (wt.%) | Ash | Cold Water Extract | Hot Water Extract | 1% NaOH Extract | Cellulose | Lignin | Cellulose Sugar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corn Straw | 5.12 | 12.61 | 20.56 | 46.78 | 33.32 | 19.47 | 23.58 |
Appearance | Water (wt.%) | Solids (wt.%) | Silicone (wt.%) | Specific Gravity (25 °C) | PH Value | Flammability | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siliceous Solution | Colourless | 42 | 40 | 18 | 1.1 | 13 | No |
Number | Corn Straw | Glass Fiber (kg) | Water Reducing Admixture (kg) | Cement (kg) | Siliceous Solution (kg) | Water to Binder (kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentages (wt.%) | Dosage (kg) | Water | HPMC | |||||
CSCC-1 | 11 | 46.2 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-2 | 12 | 50.4 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-3 | 13 | 54.6 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-4 | 14 | 58.8 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-5 | 15 | 63 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-6 | 16 | 67.2 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-7 | 17 | 71.4 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-8 | 18 | 75.6 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-9 | 19 | 79.8 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
CSCC-10 | 20 | 84 | 0.42 | 2.1 | 420 | 8.4 | 210 | 0.63 |
Corn Straw | Density (kg/m3) | Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·k)) | The 24 Hours Water Absorption of Corn Straw (wt.%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural | Processed | |||
This study | 488 ± 15 | 0.099 | 140 | 54 |
Reference [24] | 450 | 0.096 ± 0.001 | 130~150 | --- |
Number | 100 × 100 × 100 mm3 Cube Strength (MPa) | Apparent Density (kg/m3) | The 56 Days Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·k)) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 Days | 7 Days | 14 Days | 28 Days | 56 Days | |||
CSCC-1 | 0.9 | 4.55 | 6.12 | 6.66 | 6.72 | 1058.8 | 0.201 |
CSCC-2 | 0.86 | 4.49 | 6.11 | 6.28 | 6.36 | 973.7 | 0.178 |
CSCC-3 | 0.57 | 4.12 | 5.34 | 5.7 | 5.79 | 950.3 | 0.145 |
CSCC-4 | 0.49 | 4.11 | 5.02 | 5.13 | 5.18 | 897.4 | 0.133 |
CSCC-5 | 0.41 | 3.89 | 4.71 | 4.84 | 4.9 | 758.7 | 0.112 |
CSCC-6 | 0.38 | 3.78 | 3.89 | 4.14 | 4.18 | 664.3 | 0.112 |
CSCC-7 | 0.29 | 2.89 | 3.51 | 3.71 | 3.75 | 632.5 | 0.103 |
CSCC-8 | 0.11 | 1.12 | 1.62 | 1.71 | 1.75 | 563.4 | 0.102 |
CSCC-9 | 0 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 479.7 | 0.099 |
CSCC-10 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 410.5 | 0.099 |
Heat Flow Rate | Heat of Hydration (J/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | Max. Peak (mW/g) | ||
Pure Portland Cement | 22.17 | 2.20 | 375.6 |
CSCC-15 wt.% | 37.96 | 1.91 | 316.4 |
CSCC-16 wt.% | 43.55 | 1.88 | 292.2 |
CSCC-17 wt.% | 50.41 | 1.75 | 270.2 |
CSCC-18 wt.% | 60.98 | 1.72 | 235.7 |
CSCC-19 wt.% | 78.83 | 1.41 | 173.7 |
CSCC-20 wt.% | 84 | 1.30 | 116.2 |
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Niu, B.; Kim, B.H. Method for Manufacturing Corn Straw Cement-Based Composite and Its Physical Properties. Materials 2022, 15, 3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093199
Niu B, Kim BH. Method for Manufacturing Corn Straw Cement-Based Composite and Its Physical Properties. Materials. 2022; 15(9):3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093199
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiu, Boyu, and Byeong Hwa Kim. 2022. "Method for Manufacturing Corn Straw Cement-Based Composite and Its Physical Properties" Materials 15, no. 9: 3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093199