Leather Dyeing by Plant-Derived Colorants in the Presence of Natural Additives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Leather Fabric
2.1.2. Colorants
2.1.3. Additives Used in the Dyeing Process
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Dyeing Process
2.2.2. UV Irradiation of Fabrics
2.2.3. Colorimetric Measurements
2.2.4. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared) Spectroscopy
2.2.5. Mechanical Properties
2.2.6. XRD
3. Results
3.1. Colorimetric Measurements
3.2. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.4. XRD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of fabric | Vegetable tanned goat leather | |||||
Liquor ratio | 1:25 | |||||
Type of dyeing process | Cold-dyeing | |||||
Color of dye | Purple | |||||
Dye concentration (%) | 5 | |||||
pH of dyebath | 3.30 | 3.30 | 3.33 | 3.27 | 3.30 | 3.20 |
Pretreatment before dyeing | no | no | no | no | LMWCS/CA | CGCS/CA |
Additives in dyeing process | no | SH covering | CAF | CAF/nettle extract | no | no |
Undyed vegetable tanned goat leather | |||||
Dyed vegetable tanned goat leather | |||||
Purple colorant (5%) | Purple colorant (5%)/SH covering | Purple colorant (5%)/CAF addition | Purple colorant (5%)/CAF and nettle extract addition | Purple colorant (5%)/LMWCS pretreatment | Purple colorant (5%)/CGCS pretreatment |
Undyed vegetable tanned goat leather | |||||
Dyed vegetable tanned goat leather | |||||
Purple colorant (5%) | Purple colorant (5%)/SH covering | Purple colorant (5%)/CAF addition | Purple colorant (5%)/CAF and nettle extract addition | Purple colorant (5%)/LMWCS pretreatment | Purple colorant (5%)/CGCS pretreatment |
Type of fabric | Vegetable tanned goat leather | ||||||
Color of dye | Non dyed | Purple | |||||
Dye concentration (%) | - | 5 | |||||
Pretreatment before dyeing | - | no | no | no | LMWCS/CA | CGCS/CA | |
Additives in dyeing process | - | no | CAF | CAF/nettle extract | no | no | |
pH of dyebath | - | 3.30 | 3.33 | 3.27 | 3.30 | 3.20 | |
SH covering | - | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Values of parameter L | 48.76 | 36.45 | 29.31 | 31.29 | 34.57 | 34.93 | 28.59 |
Values of parameter a | 10.98 | 8.91 | 0.78 | 6.33 | 9.63 | 7.72 | 5.62 |
Values of parameter b | 23.72 | 13.24 | 7.16 | 11.95 | 15.51 | 10.98 | 12.04 |
ΔE after dyeing | - | 16.30 | 27.51 | 21.57 | 16.45 | 19.08 | 23.92 |
Type of fabric | Vegetable tanned goat leather | ||||||
Color of dye | Non dyed | Purple | |||||
Dye concentration (%) | - | 5 | |||||
Pretreatment before dyeing | - | no | no | no | LMWCS/CA | CGCS/CA | |
Additives in dyeing process | - | no | CAF | CAF/nettle extract | no | no | |
pH of dyebath | - | 3.30 | 3.33 | 3.27 | 3.30 | 3.20 | |
SH covering | - | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
ΔE (after 0.5 h of irradiation) | 0.50 | 1.17 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 1.64 | 1.22 | 4.26 |
ΔE (after 2 h of irradiation) | 0.75 | 2.21 | 0.30 | 1.91 | 2.12 | 1.91 | 2.64 |
ΔE (after 4 h of irradiation) | 1.35 | 3.36 | 0.78 | 5.27 | 3.30 | 2.51 | 2.87 |
Sample | Time of UVC Radiation | Characteristic Bands (cm−1) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amide A (N–H Stretching) | C–H Stretching | Amide I (C=O Stretching) | Amide II (C–N Stretching, N–H Bending) | CH2 Bending of Proline | CH2 Stretching, C–H Bending | Amide III (C–N Stretching, N–H Bending) | C–OH Stretching | C–O, C–O–C Stretching | ||
Undyed leather | 0 h | 3304 | 2920/2851 | 1645 | 1545 | 1451 | 1338 | 1238 | 1161 | 1082 |
0.5 h | 3298 | 2918/2850 | 1650 | 1545 | 1453 | 1337 | 1238 | 1163 | 1083 | |
2 h | 3304 | 2920/2851 | 1646 | 1542 | 1452 | 1338 | 1237 | 1162 | 1082 | |
4 h | 3308 | 2922/2851 | 1647 | 1544 | 1452 | 1338 | 1237 | 1162 | 1084 | |
Purple-dyed leather | 0 h | 3304 | 2921/2850 | 1645 | 1546 | 1452 | 1338 | 1237 | 1162 | 1080/1032 |
0.5 h | 3293 | 2922/2851 | 1640 | 1547 | 1451 | 1338 | 1236 | 1162 | 1081/1032 | |
2 h | 3304 | 2921/2852 | 1645 | 1548 | 1451 | 1337 | 1237 | 1162 | 1081/1033 | |
4 h | 3299 | 2922/2852 | 1645 | 1545 | 1450 | 1337 | 1236 | 1162 | 1080/1032 | |
Purple-dyed leather (SH covering) | 0 h | 3291 | 2921/2856 | 1634 | 1545 | 1449 | 1336 | 1233 | 1161 | 1080/1031 |
0.5 h | 3305 | 2924/2854 | 1632 | 1542 | 1447 | 1337 | 1234 | 1162 | 1075/1039 | |
2 h | 3310 | 2923/2853 | 1634 | 1542 | 1450 | 1339 | 1234 | 1162 | 1079/1040 | |
4 h | 3306 | 2924/2851 | 1639 | 1542 | 1448 | 1338 | 1234 | 1163 | 1077/1033 | |
Purple-dyed leather (CAF) | 0 h | 3315 | 2922/2849 | 1645 | 1549 | 1452 | 1338 | 1237 | 1163 | 1079/1032 |
0.5 h | 3294 | 2921/2850 | 1644 | 1548 | 1450 | 1337 | 1237 | 1163 | 1080/1031 | |
2 h | 3308 | 2921/2852 | 1645 | 1549 | 1449 | 1337 | 1237 | 1163 | 1080/1031 | |
4 h | 3307 | 2922/2853 | 1645 | 1548 | 1450 | 1337 | 1238 | 1163 | 1081/1030 | |
Purple-dyed leather (CAF, nettle extract) | 0 h | 3303 | 2922/2850 | 1644 | 1547 | 1452 | 1339 | 1237 | 1163 | 1079/1031 |
0.5 h | 3299 | 2918/2849 | 1639 | 1546 | 1451 | 1335 | 1236 | 1163 | 1080/1031 | |
2 h | 3288 | 2920/2853 | 1644 | 1549 | 1450 | 1336 | 1236 | 1162 | 1079/1030 | |
4 h | 3297 | 2924/2853 | 1645 | 1550 | 1450 | 1337 | 1237 | 1161 | 1080/1031 | |
Purple-dyed leather (pre-treatment LMWCS/CA) | 0 h | 3293 | 2920/2851 | 1632 | 1545 | 1451 | 1337 | 1236 | 1160 | 1079 |
0.5 h | 3281 | 2918/2850 | 1632 | 1545 | 1449 | 1336 | 1234 | 1157 | 1078 | |
2 h | 3287 | 2919/2851 | 1634 | 1542 | 1448 | 1337 | 1235 | 1161 | 1079 | |
4 h | 3291 | 2923/2852 | 1634 | 1545 | 1447 | 1338 | 1236 | 1161 | 1078 | |
Purple-dyed leather (pre-treatment CGCS/CA) | 0 h | 3284 | 2921/2851 | 1632 | 1542 | 1450 | 1338 | 1236 | 1160 | 1080 |
0.5 h | 3277 | 2917/2850 | 1631 | 1545 | 1450 | 1337 | 1234 | 1161 | 1079 | |
2 h | 3288 | 2929/2851 | 1633 | 1542 | 1448 | 1337 | 1236 | 1159 | 1079 | |
4 h | 3289 | 2923/2853 | 1630 | 1543 | 1448 | 1338 | 1235 | 1159 | 1078 |
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Brudzyńska, P.; Sionkowska, A.; Grisel, M. Leather Dyeing by Plant-Derived Colorants in the Presence of Natural Additives. Materials 2022, 15, 3326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093326
Brudzyńska P, Sionkowska A, Grisel M. Leather Dyeing by Plant-Derived Colorants in the Presence of Natural Additives. Materials. 2022; 15(9):3326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093326
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrudzyńska, Patrycja, Alina Sionkowska, and Michel Grisel. 2022. "Leather Dyeing by Plant-Derived Colorants in the Presence of Natural Additives" Materials 15, no. 9: 3326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093326