Numerical and Experimental Studies for Fatigue Damage Accumulation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Based on Entropy Failure Criterion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Study
2.1. Material Manufacturing and Damage Observation
2.2. Fatigue Loading
3. Numerical Study
3.1. Orthotropic Viscoelastic Model
3.2. Implementation of Entropy-Based Failure Criterion
3.3. Results and Discussions
3.4. Summary and Future Plan
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Based on experimental results, it is found that cyclic load level and frequency are two key factors that affect the crack accumulation behavior. Two obvious transverse cracks are observed after 104 cyclic loads and 37 transverse cracks occur after 105 cycles in the experimental test. The final numbers of transverse cracks decrease from 29 to 11 when the load frequency increases from 5 Hz to 10 Hz.
- (2)
- To predict the long-term lifetime of CFRP laminate under fatigue loads, an entropy-based failure criterion is proposed. Progressive damage and transverse cracking behavior in CFRP ply are simulated. Numerical results show that as stress levels rise, transverse initial cracks form earlier, whereas initial transverse crack formation slows as load frequency rises. When the load frequency is fixed as 5 Hz, the initial transverse cracks form after 63 cyclic loads when the strain boundary condition is 0.6%, and those of 0.7% and 0.8% are 38 and 23.
- (3)
- In addition, as load frequency increases from 2.5 Hz to 10 Hz, the numbers of cyclic loads where the initial crack forms increase from 13 to 44. Comparing the proposed failure model to reference results demonstrates that it can account for the effects of cyclic load number, stress level and load frequency on transverse cracking behavior.
- (4)
- The proposed entropy-based failure criterion can model the effect of load frequency on transverse cracking behavior that cannot be addressed by Paris’ law. This may be a significant contribution to this study. However, many studies, such as those on more efficient computational frameworks and heat generation under cyclic loading, should be conducted in order to accurately predict the lifetime of CFRPs under cyclic loading. These will be presented in future studies.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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k | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(MPa) | 128,000 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
, (MPa) | 4290 | 267 | 267 | 267 | 267 |
, (MPa) | 1810 | 133 | 133 | 133 | 133 |
(MPa) | 1610 | 101 | 101 | 101 | 101 |
(MPa·s) | 1 × 1030 | 3.50 × 106 | 3.00 × 106 | 3.00 × 105 | 6.00 × 103 |
, (MPa·s) | 1 × 1030 | 1.17 × 107 | 1.00 × 107 | 1.00 × 106 | 2.01 × 104 |
, (MPa·s) | 1 × 1030 | 5.83 × 106 | 5.00 × 106 | 5.00 × 105 | 9.99 × 103 |
(MPa·s) | 1 × 1030 | 4.45 × 106 | 3.81 × 106 | 3.81 × 105 | 7.63 × 103 |
Material Properties | Symbol | Value |
---|---|---|
Initial axial tensile strength (MPa) | XT,0 | 3930 |
Initial axial compressive strength (MPa) | XC,0 | 2775 |
Initial transverse tensile strength (MPa) | YT,0 | 150 |
Initial transverse compressive strength (MPa) | YC,0 | 270 |
Initial axial shear strength (MPa) | S12,0, S13,0 | 117 |
Initial axial transverse strength (MPa) | S23,0 | 117 |
Initial fiber directional tensile fracture energy (N/mm) | Gft,0 | 112.7 |
Initial fiber directional compressive fracture energy (N/mm) | Gfc,0 | 25.9 |
Initial transverse tensile fracture energy (N/mm) | Gmt,0 | 0.5 |
Initial transverse compressive fracture energy (N/mm) | Gmc,0 | 0.5 |
Degradation coefficient (K·mm3/J) | α (αAT, αAC, αo) | 300,000 |
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Deng, H.; Mochizuki, A.; Fikry, M.; Abe, S.; Ogihara, S.; Koyanagi, J. Numerical and Experimental Studies for Fatigue Damage Accumulation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Based on Entropy Failure Criterion. Materials 2023, 16, 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010388
Deng H, Mochizuki A, Fikry M, Abe S, Ogihara S, Koyanagi J. Numerical and Experimental Studies for Fatigue Damage Accumulation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Based on Entropy Failure Criterion. Materials. 2023; 16(1):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010388
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Huachao, Asa Mochizuki, Mohammad Fikry, Shun Abe, Shinji Ogihara, and Jun Koyanagi. 2023. "Numerical and Experimental Studies for Fatigue Damage Accumulation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Based on Entropy Failure Criterion" Materials 16, no. 1: 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010388