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Article

Exploring Ln(III)-Ion-Based Luminescent Species as Down-Shifters for Photovoltaic Solar Cells

by
Gabriela Brito-Santos
1,
Cecilio Hernández-Rodríguez
2,*,
Beatriz Gil-Hernández
3,
Joaquín Sanchiz
3,
Inocencio R. Martín
2,
Benjamín González-Díaz
4 and
Ricardo Guerrero-Lemus
2
1
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
2
Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
3
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
4
Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Camino San Francisco de Paula S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2023, 16(14), 5068; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145068
Submission received: 13 June 2023 / Revised: 5 July 2023 / Accepted: 10 July 2023 / Published: 18 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Photovoltaic Materials and Devices: Preparation, Characterization and Properties)
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Abstract

In this work, we have compiled our research on lanthanide-based luminescent materials for use as down-shifter layers in photovoltaic (PV) mini-modules. The complexes we have prepared (C1–17), with formulas [Eu2(phen)2(bz)6] (C1), [Eu2(bphen)2(bz)6] (C2), [Eu(tta)3bphen] (C3), [Eu(bta)3pyz-phen] (C4), [Eu(tta)3pyz-phen] (C5), [Eu(bta)3me-phen] (C6), [Er(bta)3me-phen] (C7), [Yb(bta)3me-phen] (C8), [Gd(bta)3me-phen] (C9), [Yb(bta)3pyz-phen] (C10), [Er(tta)3pyz-phen] (C11), [Eu2(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C12), [Gd2(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C13), [EuTb(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C14), [EuGd(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C15), [Eu1.2Gd0.8(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C16), and [Eu1.6Gd0.4(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2] (C17), can be grouped into three families based on their composition: Complexes C1–6 were synthesized using Eu3+ ions and phenanthroline derivatives as the neutral ligands and fluorinated β-diketonates as the anionic ligands. Complexes C7–11 were prepared with ligands similar to those of complexes C1–6 but were synthesized with Er3+, Yb3+, or Gd3+ ions. Complexes C12–17 have the general formula [M1M2(bz)4(tta)2(phen)2], where M1 and M2 can be Eu3+, Gd3+, or Tb3+ ions, and the ligands were benzoate (bz–), 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (tta–), and 1,10–phenanthroline (phen). Most of the complexes were characterized using X-ray techniques, and their photoluminescent properties were studied. We then assessed the impact of complexes in the C1–6 and C12–17 series on the EQE of PV mini-modules and examined the durability of one of the complexes (C6) in a climate chamber when embedded in PMMA and EVA films. This study emphasizes the methodology employed and the key findings, including enhanced mini-module efficiency. Additionally, we present promising results on the application of complex C6 in a bifacial solar cell.
Keywords: luminescent; down-shifting; solar energy; external quantum efficiency; lanthanide ions luminescent; down-shifting; solar energy; external quantum efficiency; lanthanide ions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Brito-Santos, G.; Hernández-Rodríguez, C.; Gil-Hernández, B.; Sanchiz, J.; Martín, I.R.; González-Díaz, B.; Guerrero-Lemus, R. Exploring Ln(III)-Ion-Based Luminescent Species as Down-Shifters for Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Materials 2023, 16, 5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145068

AMA Style

Brito-Santos G, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Gil-Hernández B, Sanchiz J, Martín IR, González-Díaz B, Guerrero-Lemus R. Exploring Ln(III)-Ion-Based Luminescent Species as Down-Shifters for Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Materials. 2023; 16(14):5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145068

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brito-Santos, Gabriela, Cecilio Hernández-Rodríguez, Beatriz Gil-Hernández, Joaquín Sanchiz, Inocencio R. Martín, Benjamín González-Díaz, and Ricardo Guerrero-Lemus. 2023. "Exploring Ln(III)-Ion-Based Luminescent Species as Down-Shifters for Photovoltaic Solar Cells" Materials 16, no. 14: 5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145068

APA Style

Brito-Santos, G., Hernández-Rodríguez, C., Gil-Hernández, B., Sanchiz, J., Martín, I. R., González-Díaz, B., & Guerrero-Lemus, R. (2023). Exploring Ln(III)-Ion-Based Luminescent Species as Down-Shifters for Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Materials, 16(14), 5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145068

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