Development of Accelerated Test Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Fumed-Silica Vacuum Insulation Panels Using Accelerated Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Thermal Conductivity and Inner-Pressure Test of Fumed-Silica VIP
2.2.2. Permeation Test on the VIP Envelope
2.2.3. Conditioning under Accelerated and Standard Conditions
2.2.4. Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of VIP after 25 Years
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Correlation between Thermal Conductivity and Inner Pressure
3.2. Permeation Test on the VIP Envelope
3.3. Conditioning under Accelerated and Standard Conditions
3.3.1. Determination of the Conditioning Period for Highly Accelerated Conditions
3.3.2. Inner-Pressure Increase Rate under Accelerated and Standard Conditions
3.4. Estimating the Thermal Performance of VIP after 25 Years
3.4.1. Under Highly Accelerated Conditions
3.4.2. Under Accelerated Conditions
3.4.3. No Acceleration (under Standard Condition)
3.4.4. Comparing with the Estimated Thermal Performance of VIP after 25 Years
- Relationship between thermal conductivity and the inner pressure;
- Acceleration factor for dry air and water vapor of the envelope.
4. Conclusions
- According to the calculation, the results of conditioning for 180 days under 50 °C and 70% RH and those for 62.7 days under 80 °C and 70% RH would match. Based on the test results, the inner-pressure increase rate of samples for 60–70 days after conditioning under 80 °C and 70% RH and that of samples for 60–180 days after conditioning under 50 °C and 70% RH are similar.
- When estimated by the acceleration test procedure using highly accelerated conditions, the long-term thermal performance was 0.0076 W/m·K, and the thermal performance was deteriorated about 62% compared to the initial thermal conductivity. Using acceleration conditions with the same method, the long-term thermal performance was 0.0054 W/m·K, and the thermal performance was deteriorated about 59% compared to the initial thermal conductivity.
- These results satisfied the minimum standards for a VIP (less than 0.0100 W/m·K, more than 0.8 m2·K/W) specified in ISO/DIS 16478. Additionally, there was a similarity between the two long-term thermal performances using the highly accelerated conditions of 80 °C and 70% RH and the accelerated conditions of 50 °C and 70% RH. In the accelerated test method, conditioning for 70 days using highly accelerated conditions can achieve similar results to conditioning for 180 days under accelerated conditions.
- Evaluating the long-term thermal performance of a VIP using the accelerated test method discussed in this study is only applicable to a fumed-silica VIP. Additionally, the following subtests should be conducted before the accelerated test: relationship between thermal conductivity and the inner pressure; acceleration factor for dry air and water vapor of the envelope.
- The core material and barrier envelope used in these subtests are equal to the specimen conditioned using highly accelerated conditions. In particular, the width, length, and thickness of the specimen used to analyze the relationship between thermal conductivity and inner pressure should be the same as the fumed-silica VIP product to be evaluated by the accelerated test method.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Thermal Resistance [m2·K/W] | Thermal Conductivity [W/m·K] |
---|---|---|
Initial value of center of panel () | >1.6 | <0.0050 |
Initial value including thermal bridging () | - | Declare |
Aged value of center of panel () | >0.8 | <0.0100 |
Aged value including thermal bridging () | - | Declare |
Pressure [Pa] | Thermal Conductivity [W/m·K] |
---|---|
10 | 0.0034 |
59 | 0.0034 |
98.4 | 0.0035 |
960 | 0.0041 |
10,000 | 0.0095 |
Symbol | Unit | Accelerated Conditions | |
---|---|---|---|
80 °C and 70% RH | 50 °C and 70% RH | ||
W/m·K | 0.0047 | 0.0034 | |
W/m·K | 0.026 | 0.026 | |
Pa | 58,343 | 58,343 | |
W/m·K·Pa | 4.46 × 10−7 | 4.46 × 10−7 | |
W/m·K·s | 2.04 × 10−10 | - | |
W/m·K·s | - | 1.90 × 10−11 | |
W/m·K·s | 0.0062 | 0.0043 | |
W/m·K | 0.0047 | 0.0034 | |
- | 26.0 | 5.4 | |
- | 12.9 | 4.5 | |
W/m·K·s | 3.49 × 10−12 | 2.90 × 10−12 | |
Service life | years | 25 | 25 |
W/m·K | 0.0030 | 0.0021 | |
W/m·K | 0.0076 | 0.0054 |
Criteria | Thermal Conductivity [W/m·K] | Thermal Resistance [m2·K/W] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Aged | Initial | Aged | ||
<0.0050 | <0.0100 | >1.6 | >0.8 | ||
Test condition | Highly accelerated | 0.0047 | 0.0076 | 2.13 | 1.32 |
Accelerated | 0.0034 | 0.0054 | 2.94 | 1.85 | |
Not accelerated | 0.0036 | 0.0040 | 2.78 | 2.50 |
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Bae, M.; Kim, S.; Kang, J. Development of Accelerated Test Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Fumed-Silica Vacuum Insulation Panels Using Accelerated Conditions. Materials 2023, 16, 6542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196542
Bae M, Kim S, Kang J. Development of Accelerated Test Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Fumed-Silica Vacuum Insulation Panels Using Accelerated Conditions. Materials. 2023; 16(19):6542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196542
Chicago/Turabian StyleBae, Minjung, Sunsook Kim, and Jaesik Kang. 2023. "Development of Accelerated Test Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Fumed-Silica Vacuum Insulation Panels Using Accelerated Conditions" Materials 16, no. 19: 6542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196542