Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Performance Grade (PG)
3.2. RTFO Mass Loss
3.3. SUPERPAVE Parameters G*/sinδ and G*.sinδ
3.4. MSCR Test Results
3.5. LAS Test Results
3.6. Estimation of the Equivalent Time
3.7. Equivalent Time Confirmation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test | Unit | Results | Limits 3 | Standard |
---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration (25 °C, 5 s, 100 g) | 0.01 mm | 52 | 50–70 | [33] |
Softening point 1 | °C | 48 | 46 (min.) | [34] |
Apparent viscosity 2 (135 °C) | cP | 286 | 274 (min.) | [35] |
Ductility (25 °C) | cm | 100 | 60 (min.) | [36] |
RTFO (163 °C, 85 min) | [6] | |||
Mass loss | % | 0.11 | 0.5 (max.) | [6] |
Change in softening point | oC | 3.3 | 8 (max.) | [34] |
Retained penetration | % | 66 | 55 (min.) | [33] |
Nomenclature | Times | Duration (Min) |
---|---|---|
PEN1 1 | 1 × RTFO | 85 |
PEN2 | 2 × RTFO | 170 |
PEN3 | 3 × RTFO | 255 |
PEN4 | 4 × RTFO | 340 |
Parameters | Temperature (°C) | ||
---|---|---|---|
58 | 64 | 70 | |
Original asphalt | |||
G* (kPa) | 2.06 | 0.96 | 0.47 |
δ (o) | 87.8 | 88.4 | 88.3 |
G*/sinδ (kPa) | 2.06 | 0.96 | 0.47 |
After RTFO | |||
G* (kPa) | 3.713 | 1.62 | 0.74 |
δ (o) | 86.3 | 87.5 | 88.2 |
G*/sinδ (kPa) | 3.72 | 1.62 | 0.74 |
Asphalt/Nomenclature | RTFO Times (Min) | T (°C) | G (kPa) | δ (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEN 50/70 1 | 0 | 58 | 2.06 | 87.8 |
64 | 0.96 | 88.4 | ||
70 | 0.47 | 88.3 | ||
PEN1 | 85 | 58 | 3.72 | 86.3 |
64 | 1.62 | 87.4 | ||
70 | 0.74 | 88.2 | ||
PEN2 | 170 | 58 | 6.70 | 84.0 |
64 | 2.88 | 85.7 | ||
70 | 1.29 | 87.1 | ||
PEN3 | 255 | 58 | 9.14 | 82.4 |
64 | 3.86 | 84.3 | ||
70 | 1.71 | 87.0 | ||
PEN4 | 340 | 58 | 13.83 | 79.5 |
64 | 6.07 | 81.9 | ||
70 | 2.79 | 83.9 |
Asphalt/Nomenclature | RTFO Times (Min) | T (°C) | G (kPa) | δ (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PEN2 | 170 | 19 | 8.12 | 48.5 |
22 | 4.96 | 53.3 | ||
25 | 2.85 | 58.2 | ||
PEN3 | 255 | 19 | 8.25 | 46.2 |
22 | 5.16 | 50.8 | ||
25 | 3.08 | 55.4 | ||
PEN4 | 340 | 19 | 11.84 | 43.6 |
22 | 7.62 | 47.9 | ||
25 | 4.61 | 52.3 |
Test Parameters | PAV | Equivalent Time RTFO (Min) |
---|---|---|
G*/sinδ (kPa) @ 58 °C | 11.90 | 301 |
G*/sinδ (kPa) @ 64 °C | 4.93 | 295 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 19 °C | 10.20 | 291 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 22 °C | 6.50 | 293 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 25 °C | 3.92 | 292 |
Jnr0.1 (kPa−1) @ 58 °C | 0.072 | 309 |
Jnr3.2 (kPa−1) @ 58 °C | 0.077 | 302 |
Nf (cycles), 1.25% @ 19 °C | 571,776 | 316 |
Nf (cycles), 2.50% @ 19 °C | 40,682 | 303 |
Mean (min) | 300 | |
Standard deviation (min) | 8.4 |
Test Parameters | PAV | PENeq | Difference (%) |
---|---|---|---|
G*/sinδ (kPa) @ 58 °C | 11.9 | 12.6 | −5.7 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 19 °C | 10.2 | 10.1 | 0.4 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 22 °C | 6.5 | 6.4 | 1.5 |
G*.sinδ (kPa) @ 25 °C | 3.9 | 3.8 | 2.5 |
Jnr0.1 (kPa−1) @ 58 °C | 0.07 | 0.065 | 9.7 |
Jnr3.2 (kPa−1) @ 58 °C | 0.08 | 0.068 | 11.7 |
Nf (cycles), 1.25% @ 19 °C | 571,776 | 519,216 | 9.2 |
Nf (cycles), 2.50% @ 19 °C | 40,682 | 37,521 | 7.8 |
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de Oliveira, Y.M.M.; Cittadella, P.T.; Rohde, L.; Thives, L.P. Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel. Materials 2023, 16, 7081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227081
de Oliveira YMM, Cittadella PT, Rohde L, Thives LP. Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel. Materials. 2023; 16(22):7081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227081
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Oliveira, Yuri Mello Müller, Poliana Tonieto Cittadella, Luciana Rohde, and Liseane Padilha Thives. 2023. "Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel" Materials 16, no. 22: 7081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227081