Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
- base metal: Al-6082 alloy;
- welding equipment: MAGIC WAVE 300 (Fronius);
- alternating current frequency: 70 Hz;
- nature of current: alternating current;
- balance: 60/40;
- shielding gas: Ar 100%;
- electrode type: EWLa 15;
- electrode diameter: 3.2 mm;
- gas flow: 10 L/min;
- tilt of the gun: 90 degrees.
- Regime 1:
- i.
- Welding current: Is = 100 A;
- ii.
- Electric arc voltage: Ua = 11 V (RMS = Root Mean Square);
- iii.
- Arc length: 2 mm;
- iv.
- Welding speed: vs. = 10 cm/min;
- v.
- Linear energy: El = 6600 J/cm.
- Regime 2:
- i.
- Welding current: Is = 150 A;
- ii.
- Electric arc voltage: Ua = 12.1 V (RMS);
- iii.
- Arc length: 2 mm;
- iv.
- Welding speed: vs. = 10 cm/min;
- v.
- Linear energy: El = 10,890 J/cm.
- Regime 3:
- i.
- Welding current: Is = 200 A;
- ii.
- Electric arc voltage: Ua = 13.2 V (RMS);
- iii.
- Arc length: 2 mm;
- iv.
- Welding speed: vs. = 10 cm/min;
- v.
- Linear energy: El = 15,840 J/cm.
- vibration amplitude, 20,000 ± 1% Hz;
- vibration amplitude, 50 µm;
- power of the electronic ultrasound generator, 500 W;
- working environment, potable water having a temperature of 22 ± 1 °C.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cavitation Erosion Curves
- TIG remelting of the considered alloy surface at the currents Is = 100 A, 150 A, and 200 A caused an increase in the cavitation erosion resistance, Rcav, from 1.5 times to 5 times (where Rcav. = 1/MDER, t = 165), compared to the conventional heat treatment specific for this material;
- the use of welding currents of 200 A provided the lowest values of the MDE and MDER;
- during the stabilization period, until the end of the test duration (165 min), the erosion rates of the remelted TIG surfaces acquired values of approx. 0.10–0.32 µm/min, and those specific to the age hardening heat treatment were approx. 0.50 µm/min.
3.2. Macro- and Micrographic Examinations
3.2.1. Macrographs of the Surfaces Tested for Cavitation
3.2.2. Micrograph of the TIG Remelted Layer
3.2.3. Topography of Surfaces Eroded by Cavitation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Mitelea, I.; Bordeașu, I.; Frant, F.; Uțu, I.-D.; Crăciunescu, C.M.; Ghera, C. Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting. Materials 2023, 16, 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072563
Mitelea I, Bordeașu I, Frant F, Uțu I-D, Crăciunescu CM, Ghera C. Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting. Materials. 2023; 16(7):2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072563
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitelea, Ion, Ilare Bordeașu, Florin Frant, Ion-Dragoș Uțu, Corneliu Marius Crăciunescu, and Cristian Ghera. 2023. "Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of the EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy by TIG Surface Remelting" Materials 16, no. 7: 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072563