Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optical Mineralogical Microscopy
3.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.3. Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Elemental Analysis(EDS)
3.5. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)
3.6. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | β Quartz Wt.% | α Quartz Wt.% | Calcite Wt.% | Muscovite Wt.% | Dolomite Wt.% | Ca Tartrate Wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 31.2 ± 2.5 | - | 46.3 ± 3.7 | 20.2 ± 2.3 | traces | 2.3 ± 0.3 |
2 | 80.0 ± 5.5 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 11.2± 0.9 | traces | traces | - |
3 | 63.8 ± 4.7 | - | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
4 | 42.9 ± 3.2 | - | 25.5 ± 1.8 | 31.2 ± 2.2 | - | - |
Samples | Elemental Composition, at.% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O | C | Ca | Si | Al | K | Mg | Fe | Ti | |
Sediment 1 | 52.7 | 34.0 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | - |
Sediment 2 | 55.8 | 17.9 | 2.0 | 13.3 | 7.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | - |
Sediment 3 | 47.1 | 38.9 | 3.2 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
Samples | Elemental Composition, at.% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O | C | Ca | Si | Al | K | Mg | Fe | Ti | |
Sediment 1 | 42.2 | 53.1 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | 0.2 | - | - |
Sediment 2 | 13.1 | 86.6 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sediment 3 | 24.8 | 71.1 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | - | 0.2 | - |
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Farcas, I.A.; Dippong, T.; Petean, I.; Moldovan, M.; Filip, M.R.; Ciotlaus, I.; Tudoran, L.B.; Borodi, G.; Paltinean, G.A.; Pripon, E.; et al. Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress. Materials 2023, 16, 2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628
Farcas IA, Dippong T, Petean I, Moldovan M, Filip MR, Ciotlaus I, Tudoran LB, Borodi G, Paltinean GA, Pripon E, et al. Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress. Materials. 2023; 16(7):2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarcas, Iulia Alexandra, Thomas Dippong, Ioan Petean, Marioara Moldovan, Miuta Rafila Filip, Irina Ciotlaus, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Gheorghe Borodi, Gertrud Alexandra Paltinean, Emanoil Pripon, and et al. 2023. "Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress" Materials 16, no. 7: 2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628