Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cenosphere Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cenosphere Characterization
3. Experimental Program
3.1. Materials
3.1.1. Cement
3.1.2. Silica Fume
3.1.3. Cenosphere (CS)
3.1.4. Sand
4. Experimental Testing Methods
Mix Proportions and Casting of Specimens
5. Results and Discussions
5.1. Workability
5.2. Compressive Strength
5.3. Split Tensile Strength
5.4. Flexural Strength
5.5. Water Absorption
5.6. Acid Attack
5.7. SEM and XRD Analysis
6. Conclusions
7. Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral Composition | Chemical Composition | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C3S | C2S | C3A | Si02 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | SO3 | Na2O |
52 | 22.1 | 8.75 | 20.4 | 6.55 | 3.56 | 1.75 | 65 | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.25 |
Chemical Composition | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si02 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | SO3 |
96.1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.12 |
Si02 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | K2O | SO3 | Na2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
69.4 | 23.12 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 1.04 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.02 |
Physical Property | Bulk Density kg/m3 | Pycnometer Density kg/m3 | Moisture % | Sinkers % | LOI % | pH | Color | Oil Absorption g/100 g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 475 | 812 | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.41% | 8 | Grey | 16 |
Mix | Replacement % | Cement Kg/m3 | Cenosphere Kg/m3 | Fine Aggregate Kg/m3 | Coarse Aggregate Kg/m3 | W/c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | 0 | 299.6 | 0 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS5 | 5 | 282.6 | 17 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS10 | 10 | 265.6 | 34 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS15 | 15 | 248.6 | 51 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS20 | 20 | 231.6 | 68 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS25 | 25 | 214.6 | 85 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
CS30 | 30 | 197.6 | 102 | 320 | 648 | 0.45 |
Mix | Slump | Density | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Split Tensile Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Water Absorption | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mm | Kg/m3 | 7 Days | 14 Days | 28 Days | 28 Days | 28 Days | % | |
CS | 100 | 2452.5 | 19.43 | 31.50 | 36.38 | 3.31 | 4.51 | 1.81 |
CS5 | 95 | 2398.2 | 17.27 | 29.66 | 35.07 | 3.28 | 4.28 | 1.48 |
CS10 | 90 | 2222.4 | 16.02 | 27.62 | 33.18 | 3.15 | 4.12 | 1.42 |
CS15 | 80 | 2136.7 | 14.97 | 26.72 | 31.61 | 3.06 | 3.80 | 1.13 |
CS20 | 80 | 1908.9 | 12.21 | 23.94 | 29.72 | 2.93 | 3.54 | 1.27 |
CS25 | 70 | 1796.4 | 11.01 | 20.84 | 27.83 | 2.80 | 3.49 | 1.43 |
CS30 | 65 | 1548.9 | 9.52 | 19.36 | 26.60 | 2.72 | 3.33 | 1.28 |
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Arunachalam, K.P.; Avudaiappan, S.; Flores, E.I.S.; Parra, P.F. Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cenosphere Concrete. Materials 2023, 16, 3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093518
Arunachalam KP, Avudaiappan S, Flores EIS, Parra PF. Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cenosphere Concrete. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093518
Chicago/Turabian StyleArunachalam, Krishna Prakash, Siva Avudaiappan, Erick I. Saavedra Flores, and Pablo Fernando Parra. 2023. "Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cenosphere Concrete" Materials 16, no. 9: 3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093518