Effects of Tungsten Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of FeCoCrNiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated via Laser Cladding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Methods
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Macroscopic Morphology Analysis of Cladding Coating
3.2. Phase Analysis
3.3. Microstructure Analysis
3.4. Microhardness Analysis
- (1)
- The atomic radii of these elements are 124.6 pm (Ni), 124.1 pm (Fe), 124.9 pm (Cr), 125.1 pm (Co), 143 pm (Al), and 137 pm (W). The atomic radius of W is relatively large. When it enters the lattice to form substitutional solid solutions, it induces lattice distortion. As the W content increases, the lattice distortion effect gradually intensifies, leading to significant solid-solution strengthening and thereby increasing the hardness of the cladding layer.
- (2)
- The laser cladding process, with its high energy density and rapid cooling rate, leads to a pronounced grain refinement effect during the alloy solidification process.
- (3)
- The inclusion of W encourages the development of µ phase, increases dislocation slip resistance, and to some extent inhibits grain growth [40]. This leads to further grain refinement, resulting in an increase in the microhardness of the cladding coating.
HEAs | Average Microhardness | Ref. |
---|---|---|
FeCoCrNiAlW0.0 | 523.85/HV0.2 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.2 | 601.99/HV0.2 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.4 | 647.90/HV0.2 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.6 | 698.82/HV0.2 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.8 | 756.83/HV0.2 | This work |
CoCrFeNiW0.8 | 432.02/HV0.3 | [35] |
CoCrFeNiW0.75 | 303.6/HV0.2 | [41] |
Al1.0FeMnNiCrCu0.5 | 541/HV0.2 | [42] |
FeMnNiCrCu0.5 | 193/HV0.2 | [42] |
CoCrFeNiTi0.8 | 502.39/HV0.3 | [34] |
CoCrFeNiSi2.0 | 566.5/HV0.5 | [43] |
FeCoNiCrSiAl1.0 | 439/HV0.2 | [44] |
AlCrFeCoNi | 421/HV0.2 | [45] |
CoCrFeNiW | 378/HV0.2 | [46] |
3.5. Friction and Wear Properties
3.6. Corrosion Resistance Analysis
HEAs | Ecorr/mV | Jcorr/A·cm−2 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
FeCoCrNiAlW0.0 | −515 | 5.43 × 10−6 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.2 | −456 | 3.46 × 10−6 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.4 | −186 | 2.73 × 10−8 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.6 | −134 | 1.62 × 10−9 | This work |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.8 | −112 | 5.26 × 10−9 | This work |
CoCrFeNiTi0.6 | −509 | 4.22 × 10−5 | [34] |
CoCrFeNiSi2.0 | −598.6 | 6.06 × 10−7 | [43] |
FeCoNiCrMnW1.0 | −282 | 2.74 × 10−5 | [48] |
CoCrFeNiAl0.3 | −451 | 1.03 × 10−5 | [50] |
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The FeCoCrNiAlWx HEA cladding coatings mainly consist of FCC solid solution and µ phase. The microstructure is primarily composed of dendritic and cellular crystals, with the transition from dendritic to cellular crystals occurring gradually as the W content increases, and its doped W is evenly distributed throughout the cladding coating.
- (2)
- The microhardness of the FeCoCrNiAlWx HEA cladding coating increases with the increase in W content. When x = 0.8, the hardness reaches 756.83 HV0.2. The wear resistance of the cladding coating also improves accordingly, with the friction coefficient gradually decreasing. When x = 0.6 and x = 0.8, the friction coefficients are relatively close, with the average friction coefficient reaching a minimum of 0.527. The wear of the cladding coating mainly manifests as adhesive wear and abrasive wear.
- (3)
- The increase in the W element content made a significant impact on the corrosion resistance of the FeCoCrNiAlWx HEA cladding coating in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, showing an upward trend in corrosion potential while the current density decreased accordingly. This change directly indicates that the corrosion resistance of the HEA coating is significantly improved with the increase in W content.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HEAs | Fe | Co | Cr | Ni | Al | W |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FeCoCrNiAlW0.0 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.2 | 19.23 | 19.23 | 19.23 | 19.23 | 19.23 | 3.85 |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.4 | 18.52 | 18.52 | 18.52 | 18.52 | 18.52 | 7.4 |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.6 | 17.86 | 17.86 | 17.86 | 17.86 | 17.86 | 10.7 |
FeCoCrNiAlW0.8 | 17.24 | 17.24 | 17.24 | 17.24 | 17.24 | 13.8 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Laser power | 1200 W |
Scanning speed | 5 mm/s |
Overlap ratio | 50% |
Laser spot diameter | 3 mm |
Argon flow rate | 12 L/min |
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Ma, S.; Zhang, C.; Li, L.; Chen, H.; Yang, Y. Effects of Tungsten Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of FeCoCrNiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated via Laser Cladding. Materials 2024, 17, 3592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143592
Ma S, Zhang C, Li L, Chen H, Yang Y. Effects of Tungsten Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of FeCoCrNiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated via Laser Cladding. Materials. 2024; 17(14):3592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143592
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Shibang, Congzheng Zhang, Liang Li, Haodong Chen, and Yinhai Yang. 2024. "Effects of Tungsten Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of FeCoCrNiAl High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated via Laser Cladding" Materials 17, no. 14: 3592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17143592