The Effect of Artificial Ageing on the Changes in Selected Properties of Organic Coated Sheets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Application of finished foils—lamination;
- Application of plastisol;
- Application by swirling finely ground plastic powder in fluidisation chambers;
- Flame spraying (with plastisols, powder materials);
- The individual layers naturally cooperate (substrate, pre-treatment, paints);
- The process is highly controlled, ensuring uniformity in cleaning, pre-treatment, and paint application.
- Mechanical
- Metal/metal: oxidative, thermal, abrasive (rubbing), pitting (surface treatment), and combined;
- Hard particles—abrasive/metal: abrasive bound/metal, abrasive powder/metal, abrasive in liquid-flowing medium—hydraulic erosion, and abrasive in gas-flowing medium/metal;
- Liquid-flowing medium/metal: turbulent flow of liquid/metal—hydraulic erosion, and flow of liquid and water vapour/metal—cavitation;
- Gas—flowing medium/metal: pneumatic erosion.
- Physical–chemical wear,
- Chemical wear:
- The nature of the surface—corrosion—can be chemical or electrochemical, namely: under tension, under fatigue, or under vibration;
- Method of failure—uniform corrosion or uneven corrosion—can be point, spot—local, intercrystalline, and extraction—selection, or by irradiation.
- Storage conditions;
- Conditioning conditions;
- Test conditions.
- Low (L)—up to 7 years;
- Medium (M)—from 7 years to 15 years;
- High (H)—from 15 years to 25 years;
- Very high (VH)—more than 25 years.
2. Materials and Methods
- RAL 9002 Grey–White (white), with a sheet thickness of 0.4 and a paint thickness on the top side of 10 + 5 μm;
- RAL 8017 Oxide Red (brown), with a sheet thickness of 0.5 and a paint thickness on the top side of 20 + 5 μm;
- RAL 9006 Standard Polyester (Silver), with a sheet thickness of 0.6 and a paint thickness on the top side of 20 + 5 μm.
- High resistance to UV radiation—RUV 2;
- Coating thickness (topcoat + primer [μm])—20 + 5 μm;
- Adhesion (grid test)—0–1.
- Conversion intermediate layer (passivation) without chromium content (thus, Cr-free);
- Polyester-based primer with a thickness of 5 μm;
- Topcoat based on polyester with a thickness of 20 μm;
- Backcoat based on polyester with a thickness of 7 μm.
2.1. Experimental Methods
- Evaluation of chosen mechanical properties and evaluation of coating behaviour of tested plastic coated samples after tensile stress (where we evaluated surface changes, curling of the coatings after the tensile test, and artificial ageing) at normal temperature and after ageing at temperatures of 100 °C and 120 °C;
- Laser marking of the tested plastic-coated samples, creation of test cut, and evaluation of the plastic coating after laser marking (like burning of the coating and measurement of the distance of the affected zone and destroyed plastic layer). Mechanical test tools were used to create a test cut in practice; a laser beam was used to obtain a smooth test cut through the entire coating system up to the applied material;
- Evaluation of the tested samples after laser marking (plastic coating sheet samples after laser marking) by metallography and after the salt corrosion test.
2.1.1. Preparation of the Artificial Ageing of Tested Plastic-Coated Samples
2.1.2. Static Tensile Testing
2.1.3. Preparation of the Tested Samples for the Laser Cut and for the Salt Corrosion Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Visual Assessment of Samples after Artificial Ageing
3.2. Tensile Test According to STN EN 10002-1
3.3. Metallographic and Microscopic Evaluation of Test Samples
- Up to a depth of 81.3 μm from the top surface of the sheet metal—from the primary paint to the steel;
- Up to a depth of 56.2 μm from the conversion intermediate layer to the steel;
- Reaching a depth of 40.0 μm into the steel.
3.4. Evaluation of the Corrosion Test
- (a)
- Exposure after 240 h;
- (b)
- Exposure after 360 h;
- In the case of silver test samples, the volume of the corrosion products of zinc increased, but there was no corrosion of the base material. They were classified into group 2;
- In the case of brown test samples, there was peeling of the coating in the vicinity of the test section and the corrosion of the base material was recorded. The brown test samples were classified into group 3;
- In the case of white test samples, there was peeling of the coating around the test cut, but no corrosion of the base material was recorded. The white test samples were classified into group 3.
4. Conclusions
- After artificial ageing in laboratory conditions, no damage was visible on the surface of the organic coated samples and the colour of the surface of the samples remained unchanged. After the uniaxial tensile test, the Re and Rm values of the ageing samples increased as it was suggested. Due to the influence of testing, the mechanical properties of the test samples did not change significantly; the difference was in the range of 40–50 MPa. By visual evaluation of the tensile test samples, the degradation of the coatings was observed, which was manifested by the curling of the coating after tearing the sample;
- The corrosion resistance of the evaluated coating systems made of organic coating materials and a Zn layer was sufficient after the corrosion tests; cathodic protection was also confirmed in the place of the artificially created test section. The corrosion resistance of the coatings in the place of the artificially created test cut after 240 h was evaluated in a salt mist environment. After 240 h, the formation of corrosion products—white corrosion of the Zn layer—on the base material was observed. After 360 h, corrosion of the underlying base material also appeared in the RAL 8017 Oxide Red (brown) samples. The cathode protection on the test samples was sufficient for the colours RAL 9002 Grey–White and RAL 9006 Standard Polyester (Silver);
- For the creation of artificial cuts on the coating, it is possible to recommend the use of a laser; the penetration was up to the base material through the entire coating system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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European Union EN 10346/09 | Japan JIS G3302 [52] | USA EN 10346/09 ASTM | U.S. Steel Kosice TN USSK 10346-4/13 [53] ZINKOMAGTM |
---|---|---|---|
DX51D +Z + ZF | SGC C SGC D1 | A 526, A 527, A 528 A 653 CS Type A, B, C | DX51D + Z + ZF |
Grade According to EN 10346/09 U.S. Steel Kosice | Chemical Composition (wt. %) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMAX | MnMAX | PMAX | SMAX | SiMAX | TiMAX | |
DX51D + Z + ZF | 0.18 | 1.20 | 0.12 | 0.045 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
Grades According to EN 10346/09 U.S. Steel Košice | Rp0.2 (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | A MIN (%) Lo = 80 mm | r90 min. | n90 min. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DX51D + Z + ZF | - | 270–500 | 22 | - | - |
Body Type | Marking | Prepared by Mechanical Processing |
---|---|---|
Total length (mm) | l3 | ≥150 (200) |
Length of narrowed parallel part (mm) | l1 | 80 ± 2 |
Radius (mm) | r | 20–25 |
Spacing between wide parallel parts (mm) | l2 | 104–113 |
Width of the clamping part (mm) | b2 | 30 + 0.2 |
Width of narrowed parallel part (mm) | b1 | 18 + 0.2 |
Recommended thickness (mm) | h | 1 + 0.2 |
Initial measured length (mm) | L0 | 60 + 0.5 |
Initial distance of jaws (mm) | L | 115 + 1 |
Degree | Corrosion Area |
---|---|
1 very small | |
2 small | |
3 a middle | |
3 b middle | |
4 a significant | |
4 b significant | |
5 very significant |
Samples Number | Ageing Temperature (°C) | Sample Dimensions (mm) | ReH (MPa) | Rp0.2 (MPa) | ReL (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | A80 (%) | Ag (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a0 | b0 | c0 | ||||||||
1 | at 100 °C | 0.496 | 20 | 80 | 356 | 332 | 323 | 343 | 30.5 | 18.5 |
2 | at 100 °C | 0.493 | 20 | 80 | 364 | 328 | 323 | 348 | 26.5 | 7.9 |
3 | at 100 °C | 0.413 | 20 | 80 | 326 | 324 | 323 | 398 | 28.0 | 17.2 |
Samples Number | Ageing Temperature (°C) | Sample Dimension (mm) | ReH (MPa) | Rp0.2 (MPa) | ReL (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | A80 (%) | Ag (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a0 | b0 | c0 | ||||||||
1 | at 120 °C | 0.496 | 20 | 80 | 358 | 334 | 330 | 347 | 26.5 | 9.0 |
2 | at 120 °C | 0.498 | 20 | 80 | 371 | 338 | 327 | 344 | 26.0 | 8.9 |
3 | at 120 °C | 0.417 | 20 | 80 | 339 | 336 | 325 | 393 | 29.0 | 17.9 |
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Sobotova, L.; Brezinova, J.; Badida, M.; Badidova, M.; Ciecinska, B.; Maslejova, A. The Effect of Artificial Ageing on the Changes in Selected Properties of Organic Coated Sheets. Materials 2024, 17, 3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163891
Sobotova L, Brezinova J, Badida M, Badidova M, Ciecinska B, Maslejova A. The Effect of Artificial Ageing on the Changes in Selected Properties of Organic Coated Sheets. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163891
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobotova, Lydia, Janette Brezinova, Miroslav Badida, Miroslava Badidova, Barbara Ciecinska, and Alica Maslejova. 2024. "The Effect of Artificial Ageing on the Changes in Selected Properties of Organic Coated Sheets" Materials 17, no. 16: 3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163891