Correlation between Dental Composite Filler Percentage and Strength, Modulus, Shrinkage Stress, Translucency, Depth of Cure and Radiopacity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Filler Weight Percentage
2.2. Flexural Strength Testing
2.3. Shrinkage Stress Testing
2.4. Translucency Testing
2.5. Depth of Cure Testing
2.6. Radiopacity Testing
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Manufacturer | Material | Classification | * Filler wt% | * Filler Composition | * Monomer Composition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filtek Supreme Ultra | High viscosity | 78.5% | 20 nm silica, 4 to 11 nm zirconia and aggregated zirconia/silica cluster | BisGMA, UDMA, TEGDMA and BisEMA | |
3M St Paul, MN, USA | Filtek Supreme Flowable | Low viscosity | 65% | 20 nm silica, 75 nm silica, aggregated zirconia/silica cluster and ytterbium trifluoride (0.1 to 5.0 μm) | Procrylat, BisGMA and TEGDMA |
Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable | Low viscosity bulk-fill | 64.5% | zirconia/silica (0.01 to 3.5 μm) ytterbium trifluoride (0.1 to 5.0 μm) | BisGMA, UDMA, BisEMA and Procrylat | |
Clinician’s Choice | Evanesce | High viscosity | 82% | 0.6 µm avg size glass fillers and silica | UDMA |
London, ON, Canada | Evanesce Flow | Low viscosity | 62% | 0.5 µm avg size glass fillers and silica | UDMA |
TPH Spectra ST LV | High viscosity | 75.5% | pre-polymerized barium glass spheres (15 µm), barium glass, methacrylic polysiloxane nanoparticles and ytterbium fluoride | UDMA, BisGMA and TEGDMA | |
Dentsply Sirona Charlotte, NC, USA | TPH Spectra ST Flow | Low viscosity | 62.5% | pre-polymerized barium glass spheres (15 µm), barium glass and methacrylic polysiloxane nanoparticles, ytterbium fluoride | UDMA and BisGMA |
SDR Flow + | Low viscosity bulk-fill | 70.5% | Barium glass, strontium alumino-fluoro-silicate glass, silica and ytterbium fluoride | Modified UDMA, TEGDMA and polymerizable dimethacrylate resin; polymerizable trimethacrylate resin | |
Tetric Evoceram | High viscosity | 75–76% | Barium glass, ytterbium fluoride, prepolymerized filler, spherical mixed oxide and silica | BisGMA and UDMA | |
Ivoclar Schaan, Liechtenstein | Tetric Evoflow | Low viscosity | 60–65% | Barium glass, ytterbium fluoride, prepolymerized filler, spherical mixed oxide and silica | BisGMA, UDMA and D3MA |
Tetric PowerFlow | Low viscosity bulk-fill | 71–72% | Barium glass, ytterbium fluoride, prepolymerized filler and silica | BisGMA, BisEMA, DCP and PCPEG-MA | |
Omnichroma | High viscosity | 79% | 260 nm zirconia/silica | UDMA and TEGDMA | |
Tokuyama Tokyo, Japan | Omnichroma Flow | Low viscosity | 70% | 260 nm zirconia/silica | UDMA and 1,9-Nonanediol Dimethacrylate |
Omnichroma Flow Bulk | Low viscosity bulk-fill | 69% | 260 nm zirconia/silica | UDMA and TEGDMA | |
VOCO | GrandioSO | High viscosity | 89% | 1 µm glass, 20–40 nm silica | BisGMA, BisEMA and TEGMA |
Cuxhaven, Germany | GrandioSO Flow | Low viscosity | 81% | 1 µm glass, 20–40 nm silica | HEDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA and TEGDMA |
* Filler wt% | Filler Weight (%) |
Flexural Strength (MPa) | Modulus (GPa) | Shrinkage Stress (MPa) | Translucency (TP) | Depth of Cure (mm) | Radiopacity (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filtek Supreme Ultra | 78.5% | 72.0 ± 1.2 f | 158.8 ± 14.8 g | 13.2 ± 0.6 h | 1.3 ± 0.1 a,b,c | 13.1 ± 0.7 a,b,c | 2.6 ± 0 d | 1.8 ± 0.4 b,c,d |
Filtek Supreme Flowable | 65% | 53.8 ± 1.9 a,b | 127.6 ± 12.8 e,f | 6.3 ± 0.4 d,e,f | 1.9 ± 0.1 f,g | 13.7 ± 0.4 b,c | 2.6 ± 0 d | 1.7 ± 0.2 c,d |
Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable | 64.5% | 60.6 ± 1.8 c | 123.9 ± 20.8 d,e,f | 4.3 ± 0.2 b | 1.5 ± 0.1 c,d | 24.5 ± 1.6 f | 4.1 ± 0 i | 2.5 ± 0.3 e,f |
Evanesce | 82% | 70.3 ± 1.8 e,f | 115.6 ± 13 b,c,d,e | 6.7 ± 0.6 e,f | 1.2 ± 0.2 a,b | 12 ± 0.6 a | 2.2 ± 0.2 b | 3 ± 0.2 f,g |
Evanesce Flow | 62% | 52.7 ± 0.7 a | 82 ± 8.8 a | 2.8 ± 0.4 a | 1.2 ± 0.1 a | 12.3 ± 0.6 a,b | 2.2 ± 0 b | 1.2 ± 0.3 a,b |
TPH Spectra ST LV | 75.5% | 67.8 ± 2.4 d,e | 117.4 ± 11.8 b,c,d,e | 7.1 ± 0.5 f | 1.9 ± 0.1 g | 14.2 ± 0.3 c | 2.4 ± 0.1 c | 3.2 ± 0.2 g |
TPH Spectra ST Flow | 62.5% | 56.9 ± 2.6 b,c | 104.1 ± 9.2 a,b,c | 4.4 ± 0.2 b | 1.8 ± 0.2 e,f,g | 13.5 ± 1.1 b,c | 2.4 ± 0 c | 3.1 ± 0.6 f,g |
SDR Flow + | 70.5% | 67.5 ± 2.7 d,e | 108 ± 11 b,c,d,e | 4.8 ± 0.3 b,c | 1.5 ± 0.1 b,c,d | 20.6 ± 2 e | 3.9 ± 0.2 h | 3.2 ± 0.4 g |
Tetric Evoceram | 75–76% | 71.5 ± 2.1 f | 102.4 ± 2.7 a,b,c | 6.7 ± 0.5 e,f | 1.7 ± 0.1 d,e,f,g | 13.6 ± 1.1 b,c | 2.4 ± 0 c | 5 ± 0.5 h |
Tetric Evoflow | 60–65% | 52.8 ± 2.2 a | 101 ± 8.7 a,b,c | 3.1 ± 0.2 a | 1.8 ± 0.1 e,f,g | 13.2 ± 0.9 a,b,c | 2.1 ± 0 a | 3.5 ± 0.4 g |
Tetric PowerFlow | 71–72% | 67.6 ± 1 d,e | 100 ± 3.8 a,b | 5.8 ± 0.5 d,e | 1.7 ± 0.1 d,e,f,g | 16.1 ± 0.5 d | 3.9 ± 0 h | 3.6 ± 0.4 g |
Omnichroma | 79% | 65.6 ± 5.8 d | 105.4 ± 4.4 a,b,c,d | 5.9 ± 0.5 d,e | 1.6 ± 0.2 d,e,f | 19.3 ± 0.9 e | 2.8 ± 0 e | 1.2 ± 0.3 a,b,c |
Omnichroma Flow | 70% | 56.7 ± 2.9 b | 120.3 ± 6.7 b,c,d,e | 5.3 ± 0.3 c,d | 1.7 ± 0.1 d,e,f,g | 20.2 ± 0.9 e | 3.5 ± 0 g | 1 ± 0.2 a |
Omnichroma Flow Bulk | 69% | 53.7 ± 3.7 a,b | 124.2 ± 16 c,d,e,f | 5.4 ± 0.4 c,d | 1.8 ± 0.2 e,f,g | 24.5 ± 1 f | 3.3 ± 0 f | 0.8 ± 0.4 a |
GrandioSO | 89% | 83.5 ± 1 h | 160.4 ± 19.3 f,g | 14.3 ± 1.1 i | 1.6 ± 0.1 d,e | 12.5 ± 0.4 a,b | 2.4 ± 0 c | 3.2 ± 0.4 g |
GrandioSO Flow | 81% | 77.6 ± 1.3 g | 144.2 ± 15.7 g | 9.7 ± 0.7 g | 1.9 ± 0.1 f,g | 14.3 ± 0.9 c | 2 ± 0 e | 2.1 ± 0.3 d,e |
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Lopez, C.; Nizami, B.; Robles, A.; Gummadi, S.; Lawson, N.C. Correlation between Dental Composite Filler Percentage and Strength, Modulus, Shrinkage Stress, Translucency, Depth of Cure and Radiopacity. Materials 2024, 17, 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163901
Lopez C, Nizami B, Robles A, Gummadi S, Lawson NC. Correlation between Dental Composite Filler Percentage and Strength, Modulus, Shrinkage Stress, Translucency, Depth of Cure and Radiopacity. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163901
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopez, Carolina, Bushra Nizami, Augusto Robles, Snigdha Gummadi, and Nathaniel C. Lawson. 2024. "Correlation between Dental Composite Filler Percentage and Strength, Modulus, Shrinkage Stress, Translucency, Depth of Cure and Radiopacity" Materials 17, no. 16: 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163901