Bending Collapse and Energy Absorption of Dual-Phase Lattice Structures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Specimen Preparation
3. Experimental Setup
4. Finite Element Modeling
5. Experimental and Numerical Simulation Results
5.1. Load Response and Deformation Process
5.2. Bending Modulus
5.3. Energy Absorption Characteristics
6. The Effect of Rod Diameter
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- In quasi-static three-point bending experiments, both single and dual-phase lattice structures undergo overall bending deformation, and local rod buckling occurs in the contact part with the indenter. The magnitude of buckling is related to the type of contact cell, with the matrix phase cell showing more flexible characteristics.
- (2)
- The bending resistance and energy absorption level of the matrix-phase single-phase lattice structure are relatively low. The introduction of reinforced phase cell elements in the dual-phase lattice structure can achieve a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with a maximum increase in bending modulus of 744.7% and a maximum increase in specific energy absorption of 243.5%. In addition, the specific energy absorption of some biphasic lattice structures even exceeds that of enhanced phase lattice structures, which means that the combination of soft and hard lattice designs can better achieve energy absorption under lateral loads.
- (3)
- The results of numerical analysis and calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of deformation mode and load–displacement curve, and the calculated specific energy absorption index has an error of less than 15% compared to the experimental results. According to the numerical analysis results, it can be concluded that increasing the relative density is an effective way to improve the bending modulus and specific energy absorption of biphasic lattice structures. With the increase in rod diameter, the improvement in bending modulus is more significant than that of specific energy absorption.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | Design Mass (g) | Printing Mass (g) | Mean (g) | Error (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPL-SC | 24.14 | 24.48 | 24.28 | 24.38 | 1.0 |
SPL-FCC | 96.43 | 85.68 | 91.65 | 88.67 | 8.0 |
DPL-1 | 54.15 | 57.89 | 56.30 | 57.10 | 5.4 |
DPL-2 | 54.15 | 55.21 | 55.22 | 55.22 | 2.0 |
DPL-3 | 52.50 | 53.45 | 51.91 | 52.68 | 0.3 |
DPL-4 | |||||
DPL-5 | 49.16 | 48.75 | 47.78 | 48.27 | 1.8 |
DPL-6 |
Specimen | Flexural Modulus (MPa) | Error (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEA | EX-1 | EX-2 | Mean | ||
SPL-SC | 13.45 | 15.34 | 15.98 | 15.67 | 14.17 |
SPL-FCC | 174.10 | 173.22 | 174.66 | 173.94 | 0.09 |
DPL-1 | 110.58 | 113.84 | 115.24 | 114.54 | 3.46 |
DPL-2 | 108.23 | 112.17 | 110.76 | 111.47 | 2.91 |
DPL-3 | 38.40 | 46.52 | 47.60 | 47.06 | 18.40 |
DPL-4 | 134.12 | 144.18 | 120.54 | 132.36 | 1.33 |
DPL-5 | 38.17 | 56.80 | 53.31 | 55.06 | 30.68 |
DPL-6 | 102.50 | 86.14 | 89.68 | 87.91 | 16.60 |
Specimen | EA (J) | SEA (mJ/g) | Error of SEA (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FEA | EX-1 | EX-2 | FEA | EX-1 | EX-2 | Mean | ||
SPL-SC | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 19.06 | 21.74 | 22.15 | 21.94 | 13.13 |
SPL-FCC | 5.04 | 5.16 | 5.20 | 52.27 | 58.19 | 58.64 | 58.42 | 10.53 |
DPL-1 | 3.35 | 3.42 | 3.51 | 61.87 | 59.89 | 61.47 | 60.68 | 1.96 |
DPL-2 | 3.33 | 3.37 | 3.28 | 61.50 | 61.03 | 59.40 | 60.21 | 2.14 |
DPL-3 | 1.38 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 26.29 | 28.47 | 29.61 | 29.04 | 9.47 |
DPL-4 | 3.85 | 4.18 | 3.76 | 73.33 | 79.35 | 71.37 | 75.36 | 2.69 |
DPL-5 | 1.37 | 1.50 | 1.39 | 27.87 | 31.08 | 28.80 | 29.94 | 6.91 |
DPL-6 | 2.89 | 2.67 | 2.81 | 58.79 | 55.31 | 58.21 | 56.76 | 3.58 |
D (mm) | D/S*1000 | BM (MPa) | BM/YM | EA (J) | Mass (g) | SEA (mJ/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.9 | 5.00 | 29.55 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 21.56 | 44.25 |
1.2 | 6.68 | 63.71 | 0.10 | 1.96 | 36.49 | 53.59 |
1.5 | 8.36 | 110.58 | 0.18 | 3.35 | 54.15 | 61.87 |
1.8 | 10.00 | 175.67 | 0.29 | 5.27 | 73.84 | 71.43 |
2.1 | 11.68 | 262.70 | 0.44 | 7.92 | 94.87 | 83.45 |
2.4 | 13.36 | 376.81 | 0.63 | 11.16 | 116.56 | 95.73 |
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Chen, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Li, B.; Leng, K.; Yu, M.; Huang, Z.; Li, Y. Bending Collapse and Energy Absorption of Dual-Phase Lattice Structures. Materials 2024, 17, 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163952
Chen Z, Zhu Z, Li B, Leng K, Yu M, Huang Z, Li Y. Bending Collapse and Energy Absorption of Dual-Phase Lattice Structures. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163952
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Zihao, Zijie Zhu, Bangzhen Li, Kehua Leng, Min Yu, Zhixin Huang, and Ying Li. 2024. "Bending Collapse and Energy Absorption of Dual-Phase Lattice Structures" Materials 17, no. 16: 3952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163952