Preparation of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode Materials by Low-Temperature Carbonization of High-Nitrogen-Doped Raw Materials from Food Waste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials and Experimental Equipment
2.2. FW Hydrothermal Doping Experiment
2.3. FW Pyrolysis Doping Experiment
2.4. Preparation of Supercapacitor Electrode Materials with Doped Carbon
2.5. Characterization of the Activated Doped Carbon
2.5.1. Physicochemical Properties
2.5.2. Electrochemistry and Product Yield Calculations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Distribution of Hydrothermal Product Yields of FW, SM, and EW
3.2. Carbon Doping and Activated Carbon Doping Element Analysis
3.3. Carbon Doping and Activated Carbon Doping Morphology and Structural Characterization
3.4. Electrochemical Performance of Doped Carbon
3.4.1. Electrochemical Performance of the AHS and AHE
3.4.2. Electrochemical Performance of AHFS, AHFE, AHSE, and AHFSE
3.4.3. Electrochemical Performance of AMFSE
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples Name | C (%) | H (%) | N (%) | S (%) | O (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FW | 48.17 | 7.04 | 2.72 | 0.19 | 41.02 |
SM | 45.51 | 6.44 | 7.69 | 0.35 | 38.90 |
EW | 44.61 | 6.97 | 3.98 | 0.43 | 43.38 |
HFS | 64.10 | 7.17 | 6.74 | 0.37 | 21.30 |
HFE | 66.38 | 6.42 | 5.42 | 0.43 | 21.21 |
HSE | 64.54 | 6.71 | 7.54 | 0.45 | 20.53 |
HFSE | 64.40 | 6.56 | 6.79 | 0.15 | 21.49 |
AHFS | 77.30 | 1.58 | 6.59 | 0.23 | 14.06 |
AHFE | 78.27 | 1.46 | 5.44 | 0.31 | 14.08 |
AHSE | 79.13 | 2.11 | 5.29 | 0.22 | 12.68 |
AHFSE | 77.58 | 1.66 | 5.67 | 0.19 | 14.41 |
AMFSE | 74.69 | 1.43 | 5.05 | 0.20 | 17.98 |
Samples Name | SBET (m2/g) | Smicro (m2/g) | Vtotal (cm3/g) | Vmicro (cm3/g) | Dpores (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AHFE | 207.8 | 179.8 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 2.20 |
AMFSE | 11.8 | 2.95 | 0.03 | 0.0012 | 26.7 |
AHFSE | 268.6 | 248.2 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 2.38 |
AHFS | 22.4 | 4.42 | 0.07 | 0.0015 | 21.8 |
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Mu, Q.; Liu, C.; Guo, Y.; Wang, K.; Gao, Z.; Du, Y.; Cao, C.; Duan, P.; Kapusta, K. Preparation of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode Materials by Low-Temperature Carbonization of High-Nitrogen-Doped Raw Materials from Food Waste. Materials 2024, 17, 3984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163984
Mu Q, Liu C, Guo Y, Wang K, Gao Z, Du Y, Cao C, Duan P, Kapusta K. Preparation of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode Materials by Low-Temperature Carbonization of High-Nitrogen-Doped Raw Materials from Food Waste. Materials. 2024; 17(16):3984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163984
Chicago/Turabian StyleMu, Qingnan, Chang Liu, Yao Guo, Kun Wang, Zhijie Gao, Yuhan Du, Changqing Cao, Peigao Duan, and Krzysztof Kapusta. 2024. "Preparation of Supercapacitor Carbon Electrode Materials by Low-Temperature Carbonization of High-Nitrogen-Doped Raw Materials from Food Waste" Materials 17, no. 16: 3984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163984