Phase Transformation and Mechanical Optimization of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite across a Wide Sintering Temperature Range
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of HA by Precipitation Method
2.2. Sintering of HA
2.3. X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Phase Content, and Crystallinity
2.4. Microstructural Observations and Grain Size Calculation
2.5. Compressive Strength Measurements
2.6. Apparent Density Measurements
2.7. Microhardness Testing
2.8. Fracture Toughness Evaluation
2.9. Antimicrobial Activity Assessment
2.10. Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. XRD Analysis of HA Post-Sintering
3.2. Relative Density
3.3. Microstructural Observation
3.4. Mechanical Properties
3.5. Antibacterial Activity Test
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Sintering Temperature (°C) | Sample Number | Test Performed |
---|---|---|---|
E-HA | 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C | Five specimens for each sintering temperature | Relative density |
E-HA | 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C | Five specimens for each sintering temperature | Grain size |
E-HA | 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C | Five specimens for each sintering temperature | Vickers hardness |
E-HA | 800 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C | Five specimens for each sintering temperature | Compressive strength |
E-HA | 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C | Five specimens for each sintering temperature | Fracture toughness |
E-HA | 1200 °C | Three specimens | Antimicrobial activity |
Chem-HA | 1200 °C | Three specimens | Antimicrobial activity |
Comm-HA | 1200 °C | Three specimens | Antimicrobial activity |
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Wu, S.-C.; Hsu, H.-C.; Liu, M.-Y.; Ho, W.-F. Phase Transformation and Mechanical Optimization of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite across a Wide Sintering Temperature Range. Materials 2024, 17, 4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164062
Wu S-C, Hsu H-C, Liu M-Y, Ho W-F. Phase Transformation and Mechanical Optimization of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite across a Wide Sintering Temperature Range. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164062
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Shih-Ching, Hsueh-Chuan Hsu, Mei-Yi Liu, and Wen-Fu Ho. 2024. "Phase Transformation and Mechanical Optimization of Eggshell-Derived Hydroxyapatite across a Wide Sintering Temperature Range" Materials 17, no. 16: 4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164062