Relationship between Texture, Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Chromium Coating: Influence of Heat Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Coating Preparation and Post Heat Treatment
2.2. Morphology and Microstructure Analysis
2.3. Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphology
3.2. Texture
3.2.1. Macrotexture
3.2.2. Microtexture
3.3. Microstructure
3.4. Hydrogen Content
3.5. Residual Stress
3.6. Microhardness
3.7. Corrosion Resistance
4. Discussion
4.1. Evolution of Texture
4.2. Influence of Microstructure on Hydrogen Content
4.3. Influence of Microstructure on Residual Stress
4.4. Influence of Microstructure on Corrosion Resistance
4.5. The Microstructure–Property Relationship
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- As the heat treatment temperature increased from 310 °C to 600 °C, the crack density decreased from 231/cm2 to 108/cm2. The grain size and the number of large angle boundaries subsequently increased and the dislocation density decreased.
- (2)
- The hydrogen adsorption in the as-plated state caused the coating to form a strong fiber texture on the (222) plane, and its texture strength increased and then decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. When the heat treatment temperature was below 600 °C, the increase in the strength of the (222) texture promoted a decrease in the hydrogen content, residual stress and microhardness and an increase in the corrosion resistance. The heat treatment time had less effect on the crack density and texture strength.
- (3)
- The preferable heat treatment temperature and time were 380 °C and 4 h, respectively. In this process, the crack density, dislocation density, grain size and pole density value of the (222) plane were 219/cm2, 1.68 × 1015 m−2, 2.26 μm and 14.21, and the proportion of large angle boundaries and recovery microstructure were 42% and 88.2%, respectively. The hydrogen content, residual stress, microhardness and corrosion current density were found to be 7.63 ppm, 61 MPa, 865 HV and 1.798 × 10−6 A/dm2, respectively. The reduction rates of the residual stress and hydrogen content compared to the as-plated state were 86% and 75%.
- (4)
- In our future research on the changing laws of coating properties caused by heat treatment, we can judge to a certain extent whether the heat treatment process is reasonable or not by only measuring the macrotexture.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Fe | C | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | W | Nb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | Bal. | 0.27~0.31 | ≤0.40 | 2.75~3.05 | 1.15~1.30 | 1.70~1.85 | 0.40~0.55 | 0.45~0.65 | 0.01~0.04 |
Temperature (°C) | Time | RTC(hkl)/% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(h) | (110) | (200) | (211) | (220) | (310) | (222) | |
0 | 0 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 86.0 |
310 | 4 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 93.0 |
380 | 4 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 94.5 |
450 | 4 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 94.6 |
520 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 97.0 |
600 | 4 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 86.4 |
380 | 2 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 93.5 |
380 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 93.6 |
380 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 95.2 |
380 | 5 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 94.6 |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Grain Direction | ρGND (1015 m−2) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | surface | 2.35 |
380 | 4 | surface | 1.68 |
600 | 4 | surface | 0.59 |
0 | 0 | cross-section | 2.01 |
380 | 4 | cross-section | 1.74 |
600 | 4 | cross-section | 1.45 |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Ecorr (mV) | icorr (A/dm2) | Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Ecorr (mV) | icorr (A/dm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | −389.2 ± 11.6 | 1.895 × 10−5 ± 0.112 × 10−5 | 380 | 2 | −379.2 ± 13.6 | 2.052 × 10−6 ± 0.162 × 10−6 |
310 | 4 | −314.3 ± 9.8 | 1.634 × 10−5 ± 0.101 × 10−5 | 380 | 3 | −296.5 ± 12.3 | 1.936 × 10−6 ± 0.161× 10−6 |
380 | 4 | −253.2 ± 12.1 | 1.798 × 10−6 ± 0.125 × 10−6 | 380 | 3.5 | −314.9 ± 9.9 | 1.855 × 10−6 ± 0.108 × 10−6 |
450 | 4 | −279.1 ± 10.2 | 1.835 × 10−6 ± 0.124 × 10−6 | 380 | 5 | −269.2 ± 11.8 | 1.837 × 10−6 ± 0.121 × 10−6 |
520 | 4 | −272.9 ± 10.2 | 1.756 × 10−5 ± 0.135 × 10−5 | substrate | substrate | −571.6 ± 13.5 | 3.654 × 10−3 ± 0.106 × 10−3 |
600 | 4 | −386.2 ± 11.9 | 1.982 × 10−5 ± 0.215 × 10−5 |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Crack Density (/cm2) | Residual Stress (MPa) | Hydrogen Content (ppm) | Microhardness (HV0.1) | icorr (A/dm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 315 | 247 | 56.85 | 950 | 1.895 × 10−5 |
310 | 4 | 231 | 96 | 12.55 | 891 | 1.634 × 10−5 |
380 | 4 | 219 | 61 | 7.63 | 865 | 1.798 × 10−6 |
450 | 4 | 182 | 45 | 3.66 | 810 | 1.835 × 10−6 |
520 | 4 | 175 | 35 | 2.99 | 741 | 1.756 × 10−5 |
600 | 4 | 108 | 34 | 1.18 | 695 | 1.982 × 10−5 |
380 | 2 | 263 | 125 | 25.35 | 908 | 2.052 × 10−6 |
380 | 3 | 241 | 98 | 13.35 | 888 | 1.936 × 10−6 |
380 | 3.5 | 229 | 77 | 3.66 | 872 | 1.855 × 10−6 |
380 | 5 | 207 | 59 | 1.85 | 831 | 1.837 × 10−6 |
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Yang, J.; Ji, P.; Yang, X.; Wu, L.; Ding, X.; Zhang, J.; Lian, Y.; Dou, S.; Jiang, L.; Zhang, B. Relationship between Texture, Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Chromium Coating: Influence of Heat Treatment. Materials 2024, 17, 4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164142
Yang J, Ji P, Yang X, Wu L, Ding X, Zhang J, Lian Y, Dou S, Jiang L, Zhang B. Relationship between Texture, Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Chromium Coating: Influence of Heat Treatment. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164142
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jinghan, Pengfei Ji, Xuemei Yang, Linyang Wu, Xiaoyun Ding, Jin Zhang, Yong Lian, Shitao Dou, Liming Jiang, and Biliang Zhang. 2024. "Relationship between Texture, Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Chromium Coating: Influence of Heat Treatment" Materials 17, no. 16: 4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164142