Towards a Direct Consideration of Microstructure Deformation during Dynamic Recrystallisation Simulations with the Use of Coupled Random Cellular Automata—Finite Element Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Flow Stress Model Development for Fe30Ni
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- Acquiring experimental results (load-displacement data) from a series of tests (uniaxial compression) realised under a combination of different strain rates and temperature conditions with the use of a Gleeble 3800 (Dynamic Systems Inc., Poestenkill, NY, USA) thermo-mechanical simulator;
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- Development of the direct problem model of the UC compression on the basis of the in-house finite element model [22];
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- Application of the Nelder–Mead optimisation algorithm to minimisation of the goal function, which is defined as
2.1.1. Uniaxial Compression Experiments
2.1.2. Inverse Analysis
2.2. Efficient Random Cellular Automata Grain Growth Algorithm
2.3. RCAFE Dynamic Recrystallisation Model
3. Results
4. Discussion
RCAFE DRX Model Robustness Analysis
5. Conclusions
- The use of reliable experimental input data is critical for numerical model development stages, and therefore, the inverse analysis technique is recommended for data interpretation as it can take into account the influence of process heterogeneities on the final outcome;
- The development of an appropriate neighbour selection algorithm is a critical step from the RCA model simulation time reduction point of view. The bucket-based concept proved its capabilities in the RCA applications;
- Parallelisation with the OpenMP standard provides additional capabilities in computational time reduction but has to be applied based on a series of efficiency tests to identify the limits of its applicability.
- The developed DXR RCAFE model can properly capture major mechanisms of dynamic recrystallisation and can be the basis for further improvements to incorporate other phenomena during nucleation and grain growth;
- Despite the stochastic elements in the RCA model that introduce some variations in the simulation results, the model with a certain computational space size provides repeatable results;
- Both the recrystallisation kinetics and the microstructural morphology of finer meshes can be adequately reproduced during the simulation, but the RCA part of the model determines the minimum mesh size.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Ni | Al | Cu | V | W | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0638 | 0.187 | 1.67 | 0.016 | 0.0172 | 1.59 | 30 | 0.01 | 0.027 | 0.02 | 0.06 | Bal |
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Pawlikowski, K.; Sitko, M.; Perzyński, K.; Madej, Ł. Towards a Direct Consideration of Microstructure Deformation during Dynamic Recrystallisation Simulations with the Use of Coupled Random Cellular Automata—Finite Element Model. Materials 2024, 17, 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174327
Pawlikowski K, Sitko M, Perzyński K, Madej Ł. Towards a Direct Consideration of Microstructure Deformation during Dynamic Recrystallisation Simulations with the Use of Coupled Random Cellular Automata—Finite Element Model. Materials. 2024; 17(17):4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174327
Chicago/Turabian StylePawlikowski, Kacper, Mateusz Sitko, Konrad Perzyński, and Łukasz Madej. 2024. "Towards a Direct Consideration of Microstructure Deformation during Dynamic Recrystallisation Simulations with the Use of Coupled Random Cellular Automata—Finite Element Model" Materials 17, no. 17: 4327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174327