Durability Improvement of Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Modified Rubber Powder with Sodium Silicate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Materials and Scheme
2.1. Materials
2.2. Material Pretreatment
2.3. Test Scheme
2.4. Microstructure Test Methods
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Mass Loss Rate
3.2. Relative Dynamic Elastic Modulus
3.3. Pore Structure Characteristics
3.4. Microstructure Analysis
3.4.1. Super Depth of Field 3D Microscope Analysis
3.4.2. SEM Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- According to the SEM image of modified rubber, the surface of rubber modified with 2 wt% sodium silicate is cleaner, which is due to the chemical reaction of sodium hydroxide and zinc stearate to remove some impurities. As the amount of SS increases, the modified rubber surface becomes cleaner, which is conducive to the combination of rubber particles and cement paste.
- (2)
- The mass loss rate generally showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The decreasing stage was due to the repeated entry of water into the sample, and the water absorption rate of the sample reached saturation; the rising stage was due to the freezing and failure of the sample and the spalling of surface materials. The durability of RP-PLAC with a particle size of 80 is better than that of RP-PLAC with a particle size of 20.
- (3)
- After 300 freeze-thaw cycles, 2 wt% sodium silicate can significantly improve the durability of RP-PLAC. The addition of RP with a particle size of 80 to the RP-PLAC prevents external water from entering the sample and delays the transformation of the surface structure from small cracks to large cracks. According to SEM images, C-S-H, with its large number of fiber structures and network structures, prevents the deterioration of structures.
- (4)
- The results of the 3D microscope imaging test show that modified rubber used in PLAC can significantly reduce the relative height difference of the specimen surface during freeze-thaw cycles by about 83.9%, thus confirming that MRP used in PLAC can improve the resistance of concrete to freeze-thaw cycles.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specific Surface Area (m2/kg) | Initial Setting Time (min) | Final Setting Time (min) | Stability | SiO2 Mass Fraction (%) | Loss on Ignition (%) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Rupture Strength (MPa) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 d | 28 d | 3 d | 28 d | ||||||
350 | 150 | 240 | Qualified | 22.12 | 1.02 | 25.6 | 54.8 | 5.3 | 8.3 |
Element | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Other | Loss of Ignition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fly ash | 58.27 | 24.35 | 5.43 | 0.76 | 6.11 | 5.08 | 3.1 |
Cement | 21.29 | 5.20 | 4.11 | 0.49 | 63.50 | 5.41 | <5 |
Module | Na2O (%) | SiO2 (%) | Density (20 °C) (g·cm−3) | Water Insoluble (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.3 | 8.3 | 26.5 | 1.385 | 0.02 |
Sample | Cement | Fly Ash | Sand | Pumice | Water | Sodium Silicate (%) | Rubber Size | Rubber Content (%) | Water Reducing Agent (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kg/m3) | |||||||||
RP20 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 0 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP80 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 0 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
RP20-S1 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP20-S2 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 2 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP20-S4 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 4 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP20-S6 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 6 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP20-S8 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 8 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
RP80-S1 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 1 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
RP80-S2 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 2 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
RP80-S4 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 4 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
RP80-S6 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 6 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
RP80-S8 | 408 | 102 | 785 | 546 | 204 | 8 | 80 | 3 | 1 |
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Wang, H.; Shu, L.; Ma, K.; He, X. Durability Improvement of Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Modified Rubber Powder with Sodium Silicate. Materials 2024, 17, 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040786
Wang H, Shu L, Ma K, He X. Durability Improvement of Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Modified Rubber Powder with Sodium Silicate. Materials. 2024; 17(4):786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040786
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Hailong, Libin Shu, Kuaile Ma, and Xingxing He. 2024. "Durability Improvement of Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Modified Rubber Powder with Sodium Silicate" Materials 17, no. 4: 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040786