Durability Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Sulfate–Magnesium Combined Attack
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Testing Methods
2.2.1. Specimen and Solution Preparation
2.2.2. Dimension and Mass Change
2.2.3. Compressive and Flexural Strength
2.2.4. Microstructural and Mineral Analysis
2.2.5. Sulfate Concentration
3. Results
3.1. Appearance Change
3.2. Microstructure and Mineral Changes
3.2.1. Mineral Changes
3.2.2. Microstructures
3.3. Dimension and Mass Changes
3.3.1. Dimension Change
3.3.2. Mass Change
3.4. Mechanical Properties
3.4.1. Compressive Strength
3.4.2. Flexural Strength
3.5. Sulfate Concentration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Corrosion products induced by magnesium primarily affect the strength instead of causing the expansion. Under the combined attack of external sulfate–internal magnesium, the specimen exhibits more severe degradation and relatively poor mechanical performance.
- After premixing with BF, the physical and mechanical properties of cast-in situ concrete are improved. BF mainly exerts the effects of strengthening and improving crack resistance. For strengthening, BF fills in the original defects and enhances the load-bearing capacity of the specimens. In terms of crack resistance, it restricts the development of cracks and reduces stress concentration at the crack tip.
- A 0.5% content of BF results in the most significant improvement in the properties of specimens. Under the attack of internal magnesium salt, both the compressive and flexural strength of these samples are higher than the control samples at 180 days. When exposed to external sulfate–internal magnesium combined attack for a long period, the flexural strength of specimens with 0.5% BF increased by 16.2%.
- Moreover, there is no available model for the development of strength under the external sulfate–internal magnesium combined attack. In the follow-up research, we will focus on carrying out statistical tests and parameter analysis to build applicable models. We will continue to research the performance of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete with different lengths and contents of BF, aiming to provide more references for the application of BF in concrete.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components of Cement | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SO3 | MgO | K2O | TiO 2 | Na2O | Cl |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (%) | 67.21 | 18.48 | 5.64 | 3.63 | 2.40 | 0.75 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
Physical properties of basalt fiber | Length | Diameter | Tensile strength | Elastic modulus | Density | |||||
Index | 12 mm | 17 µm | 3000–4800 MPa | 90–100 GPa | 2.80 gꞏcm−3 |
Specimens in Distilled Water | Specimens in Sulfate Solutions | Premixed Salts | Volume of BF |
---|---|---|---|
D-C | S-C | No premixed salts | 0 |
D-M | S-M | 3% MgSO4 | 0 |
D-1F | S-1F | 3% MgSO4 | 0.1% |
D-3F | S-3F | 3% MgSO4 | 0.3% |
D-5F | S-5F | 3% MgSO4 | 0.5% |
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Fan, H.; Wang, C.; Hu, Y.; Zhao, G. Durability Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Sulfate–Magnesium Combined Attack. Materials 2024, 17, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051128
Fan H, Wang C, Hu Y, Zhao G. Durability Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Sulfate–Magnesium Combined Attack. Materials. 2024; 17(5):1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051128
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Henghui, Cheng Wang, Yiqi Hu, and Gaowen Zhao. 2024. "Durability Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Sulfate–Magnesium Combined Attack" Materials 17, no. 5: 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051128